Jean-Philippe Rameau (1683–1764) was one of the most important French composers and music theorists of the 18th century.

Rameau may also refer to:

• Rameau (crater), a crater on Mercury
• 4734 Rameau (1982 UQ3), a main-belt asteroid
• RAMEAU, a French-language equivalent of Répertoire de vedettes-matière de l'Université Laval (RVM) still in use today

• Emil Rameau (1878–1957), German theatre director and actor
• Pierre Rameau (1674–1748), French Maître à danser (Master of dance) and theorist

• Rameau Thierry Sokoudjou (born 1984), mixed martial artist
• Rameau Poleon, folk fiddler from Saint Lucia

• Rameau's Nephew, a philosophical dialogue by Denis Diderot

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