The Redones or Riedones (Gaulish: Rēdones, later Riedones, 'chariot- or horse-drivers') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the eastern part of the Brittany peninsula during the Iron age and subsequent Roman conquest of Gaul. Their capital was at Condate, the site of modern day Rennes.
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They are mentioned as R[h]edones by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC),[2]Rhedones (var. r[h]iedones, s[hi]edones) by Pliny (1st c. AD),[3]Rhiḗdones (‛Ριήδονες; var. ‛Ρηήδονες), Rhḗdones (Ῥήδονες) and Rhēḯdones (Ῥηΐδονες) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD),[4] and as Redonas in the Notitia Dignitatum (5th c. AD).[5][6] Their chief town is also attested on inscriptions as civ]itas Ried[onum and [civ]itas Ried[onum].[7][8][6]
The GaulishethnonymRēdones means 'chariot-drivers' or 'horse-riders'. It stems from the Celtic root rēd- ('to ride, esp. a horse or horse-led chariot'; cf. Gallo-Lat. rēda 'chariot', OIr.ríad 'riding, driving, journey'; also Gallo-Lat. paraue-redus 'work-horse' and ue-rēdus 'post horse', MW.gorwydd 'horse') attached to the suffix -ones.[9][10][11]
The original Rēdones led to a form Riedones after diphthongisation.[12] Following the discovery of inscriptions featuring this variant in the 1960s, some historians, including Anne-Marie Rouanet-Liesenfelt and Louis Pape,[13][14] have argued that the form Riedones should be preferred over Redones in scholarship, which is not necessary according to linguist Pierre-Yves Lambert.[15]
The city of Rennes, attested ca. 400 AD as civitas Redonum ('civitas of the Redones'; Redonas in 400–441; Rennes in 1294) is named after the Gallic tribe.[16]
Their capital was known as Condate Redonum, and was at the site of modern day Rennes.[18]
History
After the bloody fight on the Sambre (57 BC) Julius Caesar sent Publius Licinius Crassus with a single legion into the country of the Veneti, Redones, and other Celtic tribes between the Seine River and the Loire, all of whom submitted. (B. G. ii. 34.) Caesar here enumerates the Redones among the maritime states whose territory extends to the Atlantic Ocean. In 52 BC the Redones with their neighbors sent a contingent to attack Caesar during the siege of Alesia. In this passage also (B. G. vii. 75), the Redones are enumerated among the states bordering on the ocean, which in the Celtic language were called the Armoric States. D'Anville supposes that their territory extended beyond the limits of the diocese of Rennes into the dioceses of St. Malo and Dol-de-Bretagne.
Lambert 1997, p.399: La découverte de la forme Riedones, sur une inscription de Rennes, a semblé livrer "la vraie forme" de ce nom de peuple, et plusieurs historiens ont abandonné l'usage de Redones pour Riedones ... En fait, il ne parait pas nécessaire de renoncer a la forme traditionnelle Redones, que supposait avoir un -ē- (de *reid- 'aller en char'); mais l'évolution ē > ie est tout à fait isolée, et l'on hésite à la prendre en compte (plus tard, c'est le e bref accentué qui devient -ie- en français ancien)."
Delamarre, Xavier (2003). Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental. Errance. ISBN9782877723695.
Falileyev, Alexander (2010). Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-names: A Celtic Companion to the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. CMCS. ISBN978-0955718236.
Kruta, Venceslas (2000). Les Celtes, histoire et dictionnaire: des origines à la romanisation et au christianisme. Robert Laffont. ISBN2-221-05690-6.
Lorho, Thierry; Monteil, Martial (2013). "Entre Loire et baie du mont Saint-Michel (Pays de la Loire et Bretagne, France): modes d'occupation du littoral au Haut-Empire". In Daire, Marie-Yvane (ed.). Anciens peuplements littoraux et relations Homme/Milieu sur les côtes de l'Europe atlantique. Archaeopress. ISBN978-1407311913.
Pape, Louis (1995). La Bretagne romaine. Ouest-France. ISBN2-7373-0531-4.
Rouanet-Liesenfelt, Anne-Marie; Chastagnol, André; Sanquer, René (1980). La civilisation des Riedones. Éditions Archéologie en Bretagne. ISBN2-903399-01-8.
This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Redones, and is written by contributors.
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