Results by province

Newfoundland and Labrador

Buoyed by the so-called "ABC Campaign", spearheaded by popular Newfoundland and Labrador Premier Danny Williams, the Liberals won six seats and the NDP one. The Avalon and St. John's South—Mount Pearl seats changed hands from the Tories to the Liberals. The St. John's East seat changed from the Tories to NDP, as Norman Doyle retired. The change in Avalon was a crushing blow as the incumbent Fabian Manning was soundly defeated by the Liberals' Scott Andrews.

Prince Edward Island

The three Liberal incumbents have been re-elected. In the fourth riding, Egmont, incumbent Liberal Joe McGuire retired, and the seat went to the Tories.

Nova Scotia

All incumbents were re-elected, except in Halifax where the retiring Alexa McDonough was replaced by another New Democrat, Megan Leslie, and in West Nova the incumbent Liberal Robert Thibault was defeated by Tory Greg Kerr. Elizabeth May of the Green Party was defeated in the riding of Central Nova, which was a battle between her and incumbent cabinet minister Peter MacKay.

New Brunswick

The Liberal Green Shift was most unpopular in New Brunswick. Three ridings previously held by the Liberals switched to the Tories; Fredericton, Miramichi, and Saint John. In the other seven ridings the incumbent was re-elected.

Manitoba

Saskatchewan

All seats were retained by their incumbent parties. The closest race was Saskatoon—Rosetown—Biggar. There, the incumbent Carol Skelton did not seek reelection, giving the NDP high hopes that well-known farmers' activist Nettie Wiebe might re-establish a federal NDP presence in Parliament from the province. The seat was retained by Conservative Kelly Block in a close two-way race to keep the NDP shut out in Saskatchewan - despite the fact that their proportion of the popular vote there was in fact higher than any other province outside Atlantic Canada.

Alberta

Arguably the Conservatives' power base, Alberta's Tory incumbents were all re-elected except for the riding of Edmonton—Strathcona, which the NDP narrowly took that riding with 442 votes.

Conservative gains

• Omar Alghabra, incumbent Liberal MP for Mississauga—Erindale was defeated by Conservative candidate Bob Dechert.
• Catherine Bell, incumbent New Democrat MP for Vancouver Island North was defeated by Conservative candidate John Duncan.
• Bonnie Brown, incumbent Liberal MP for Oakville was defeated by Conservative candidate Terence Young.
• Charles Hubbard, incumbent Liberal MP for Mirmachi was defeated by Conservative candidate Tilly O'Neill-Gordon.
• Susan Kadis, incumbent Liberal MP for Thornhill was defeated by Conservative Candidate Peter Kent.
• Karen Redman, incumbent Liberal MP for Kitchener Centre was defeated by Conservative candidate Stephen Woodworth.^[4]
• Lloyd St. Amand, incumbent Liberal MP for Brant was defeated by Conservative Candidate Phil McColeman.
• Andrew Telegdi, incumbent Liberal MP for Kitchener—Waterloo was defeated by Conservative candidate Peter Braid by 73 votes. The automatic recount on October 17, 2008 found that Braid won by only 17 votes.^[5]
• Lui Temelkovski, incumbent Liberal MP for Oak Ridges—Markham was defeated by Conservative Candidate Paul Calandra.
• Garth Turner, incumbent Liberal MP for Halton was defeated by Conservative candidate Lisa Raitt.
• Paul Zed, incumbent Liberal MP for Saint John was defeated by Conservative candidate Rodney Weston.
• Blair Wilson, incumbent Green MP for West Vancouver—Sunshine Coast—Sea to Sky Country was defeated by Conservative candidate John Weston
• Raymond Chan, incumbent Liberal MP for Richmond was defeated by Conservative candidate Alice Wong.

Liberal gains

• Vivian Barbot, incumbent Bloc Québécois MP for Papineau was defeated by Liberal candidate Justin Trudeau.
• Wajid Khan, incumbent Conservative MP for Mississauga—Streetsville was defeated by Liberal candidate Bonnie Crombie
• Marcel Lussier, incumbent Bloc Québécois MP for Brossard—La Prairie was defeated by Liberal candidate Alexandra Mendès.
• Peggy Nash, incumbent New Democrat MP for Parkdale—High Park was defeated by Liberal candidate Gerard Kennedy
• Fabian Manning, incumbent Conservative MP for Avalon was defeated by Liberal candidate Scott Andrews.

NDP gains

• Ken Boshcoff, incumbent Liberal MP for Thunder Bay—Rainy River was defeated by New Democrat candidate John Rafferty.
• Rahim Jaffer, incumbent Conservative MP for Edmonton—Strathcona, was defeated by New Democrat candidate Linda Duncan.
• Tina Keeper, incumbent Liberal MP for Churchill was defeated by New Democrat candidate Niki Ashton.
• Diane Marleau, incumbent Liberal MP for Sudbury was defeated by New Democrat candidate Glenn Thibeault.
• John Maloney, incumbent Liberal MP for Welland was defeated by New Democrat candidate Malcolm Allen.
• Brent St. Denis, incumbent Liberal MP for Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing was defeated by New Democrat candidate Carol Hughes.

Bloc Québécois gains

• Luc Harvey, incumbent Conservative MP for Louis-Hébert was defeated by Bloc Québécois candidate Pascal-Pierre Paillé
• Louise Thibault, incumbent Independent MP for Rimouski-Neigette—Témiscouata—Les Basques was defeated by Bloc Québécois Claude Guimond

Conservatives

• Leona Aglukkaq, Conservative candidate defeats Liberal candidate Kirt Ejesiak in Nunavut. The seat was vacated by incumbent Liberal MP Nancy Karetak-Lindell.
• Keith Ashfield, Conservative candidate defeats Liberal candidate David Innes in Fredericton. The seat was vacated by incumbent Liberal MP Andy Scott.
• Gail Shea, Conservative candidate defeats Liberal candidate Keith Milligan in Egmont. The seat was vacated by incumbent Liberal MP Joe McGuire.

Liberals

• Siobhan Coady, Liberal candidate defeats Conservative candidate Merv Wiseman in St. John's South—Mount Pearl. The seat was vacated by incumbent Conservative MP Loyola Hearn.

New Democrats

• Don Davies won the district of Vancouver Kingsway, vacated by Conservative MP David Emerson.
• Claude Gravelle won the district of Nickel Belt, vacated by Liberal MP Raymond Bonin.
• Jack Harris was elected in St. John's East, vacated by Conservative MP Norman Doyle.
• Bruce Hyer won the district of Thunder Bay—Superior North, vacated by Conservative MP Joe Comuzzi.

Voter turnout

Voter turnout was the lowest in Canadian election history, as 59.1% of the electorate cast a ballot.^[6] All federally funded parties except for the Greens attracted fewer total votes than in 2006; the Greens received nearly 280,000 more votes this election. The Conservatives lost 167,494 votes, the Liberals 850,000, the Bloc 200,000 and the NDP 70,000.