Planning

A pier in Rhyl was first proposed during the mid-19th century, when the arrival of the Chester and Holyhead Railway in 1848 helped promote Rhyl as a popular seaside resort. Steamboats bringing visitors to Rhyl needed to use the Foryd Harbour, although this was not always available depending upon the tides. In 1862, the Rhyl Promenade Pier and Assembly Room Company (shortly after renamed to the Rhyl Promenade Pier Company) was formed with the purpose of providing a pier and landing stage for steamers on the promenade.^[7] The proposal for a cattle-traffic pier to be built in the west end of the town was passed, when it dawned on many board members that instead of pleasure boat traffic, there would be cattle boat traffic that could potentially block the port. Petitions and passionate speeches by Lord Richard Grosvenor and Richard Rowley MP helped get the bill thrown out.^[6] Residents of Rhyl claimed the pier scheme had been "forced upon them",^[6] which was a similar conclusion Lord Grosvenor determined when he ascertained the extent of local support, suggesting local people felt the original pier proposal "would be of no use to them".^[8]

After revised plans were put to the board, a public meeting was held to ascertain the feelings of the local population and determine support for a new pier near the town centre. The community response was generally in support for a pier at the centre of the esplanade.^[5] On 10 October 1863, the foreshore for the site of the proposed pier was leased by the Crown, with a provisional order for construction granted in January 1864 and royal assent gained later that year.^[7]

Due to conditions of the tide, a longer pier was deemed necessary to allow steamers to call at low tide. James Brunlees, an engineer who had designed Southport Pier, drew up plans to construct a 3,168 feet (966 m) long pier, to consist of cast iron piles with wooden decking. The pier would be 11 feet (3.4 m) above the high-water level and 16 feet (4.9 m) wide, with seats and shelters running the length of both sides.^[7]

Construction

The first foundation stone was laid on 25 May 1866 by Peter Ellis Eyton MP.^[7] By September 1866, 1,500 feet (460 m) of pier had been built until a storm on 11 September 1866 destroyed around 900 feet (270 m). The engineer, James Brunlees, was blamed for design faults and was replaced by R. D. Morgan, who redesigned the pier to be a further 7 feet (2.1 m) taller, albeit at a shorter overall length of 2,250 feet (690 m). The shorter length meant that steamboats would only be able to visit during medium and high tides.^[9] Many difficulties were experienced during the pier's construction, with the most disastrous set back washing away the first part of the structure, caused by rough sea conditions.^[2]

Operation

The Victoria Pier opened on 19 August 1867^[2] at a length of around 2,355 feet (718 m) and cost around £15,000 (equivalent to £1,528,800 in 2019),^[1] although reports from the time suggested it may have been around £17,000.^[10] Crowds from as far as Liverpool and Manchester gathered for the opening, as well as visitors from local districts, to see the pier officially opened.^[2] A steamboat named Columbus was docked just off-shore and fired cannons at intervals.^[11] It was the first pier to be built in North Wales and became a productive asset to Rhyl, with excursions from Liverpool and other Welsh seaside resorts.^[12] An extension to the pier opened in May 1880 at an average estimated cost of £2500 (equivalent to £273,200 in 2019).^[13]

The pier was purchased in 1891 by the Rhyl Pier and Pavilion Company, who in June 1891 starting work on building a Grand Pavilion at the entrance.^[14] Original designs featured a large dome that ultimately was never constructed.^[15] The new Grand Pavilion was opened on 12 September 1891 by Lady Fiorentia Hughes, having taken just 14 weeks to erect and capable of holding around 3000 people. At the time, the pavilion featured the world's largest organ, known as the Grand Jubilee Organ, at a weight of 25 tons and complete with 3095 pipes. The new additions to the pier cost around £6,000 (equivalent to £683,900 in 2019).^[16]

In 1893, a lifeguard station was added.^[16] Early film maker Arthur Cheetham presented his 'living pictures' to a full audience in the Grand Pavilion in 1898 and by the following year, pier attractions included a water carnival, diving competitions and greasy poll walking.^[17] Despite improvements, owners the Rhyl Pier and Pavilion Company had lost money for each year the pier was under their ownership. The mortgage holders Greenhalgh and Geary were owed £15,303 (equivalent to £1,743,900 in 2019) and ownership passed to them in 1896.^[18]

Decline

Following storm damage in the early hours of 29 December 1909, around 30 yards (27 m) of pier was washed away from the point where a steamboat had collided around 25 years prior.^[24] By 1913, the pier was declared unsafe and listed for sale. Rhyl Urban District Council purchased the derelict pier^[25] on 25 February 1913 at a public auction for £1,000 (equivalent to £102,900 in 2019),^[26] with the decision to purchase unanimously supported by the Rhyl Ratepayers' Association during its monthly meeting at the end of the month. The council vice-chairman praised the members in keeping the purchase a secret, as news of the purchase was not known outside of the council chamber.^[27]

Having remained derelict since 1912, work started on the pier's reconstruction in July 1927^[28] and the reopening was announced in February 1930.^[29] Among the entertainment on the pier during the mid-20th century was acrobat James Evans, known as "Swinging Jim" on account of him revolving around a 30 feet (9.1 m) vertical bar and was a popular act with pier visitors.^[30]

The pier had reopened following redevelopment of the shore end and demolition of the seaward section,^[25] yet by April 1966, numerous councilors were calling for it to be closed, but were defeated in their efforts, although the surveyor was afforded power to close the pier "whenever he thought it necessary".^[31] The pier subsequently did close to the public in 1966 on safety grounds, at that time measuring just 330 feet (100 m) in length.^[1] In October that year, it was reported the council were prepared to consider offers to reconstruct the pier in keeping with the promenade's character.^[32] The council had reportedly agreed that the coastguard may use the pier at their "own risk", although a lone coastguard on watch one day was unaware of this apparent agreement or that they were using it at risk.^[31] Reconstruction ultimately did not materialise and the pier was demolished in March 1973.^[1] Shortly after, various lengths of pine pier timber, ranging from 10–35 feet (3.0–10.7 m), were made available for sale by Hughes & Son in Conwy at 5 pence per foot.^[33]