The main roads in Northern Ireland are signed "M"/"A"/"B" as in Great Britain. Whereas the roads in Great Britain are numbered according to a zonal system, there is no available explanation for the allocation of road numbers in Northern Ireland,^[1] though their numbering is separate from the system in England, Scotland and Wales.

In Northern Ireland, DfI Roads is responsible for all 25,792 kilometres (16,026 mi) of roads.^[2] Road users also have the Highway Code for Northern Ireland, which provides guidance on the legal aspects of driving on Northern Ireland's roads.^[3]

The most important roads are motorways, designated by the letter "M". The motorway network is focused on Belfast. Legal authority for motorways existed in the Special Roads Act of 1963 similar to that in the Special Roads Act 1949 in Great Britain.^[4] The first motorway to open was the M1 motorway, though it did so under temporary powers until the Special Roads Act had been passed.^[5] Work on the motorways continued until the 1970s when the oil crisis and The Troubles both intervened causing the abandonment of many schemes.^[6] The M3 was the final motorway scheme in Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom in its entirety to open.^[7]

The next most important roads are designated with the prefix "A" and a one-, two- or three-digit number.

Less important roads are indicated with the prefix "B" and a one-, two- or three- digit number.

Minor roads can be indicated with the prefix "C" and a one-, two- or three- digit number, though it is very rare to see these marked on signposts or Ordnance Survey maps

Though unsignposted, the following Euro Routes include sections of roads in Northern Ireland:

• E01 – Larne – Belfast – Dublin – Rosslare – A Coruña – Pontevedra – Valença do Minho – Vila Real de Santo António – Huelva – Sevilla
• E16 – Derry – Belfast ... Glasgow – Edinburgh ... Bergen – Arna – Voss ... Lærdal – Tyin – Fagernes – Hønefoss – Sandvika – Oslo
• E18 – Craigavon – Belfast – Larne ... Stranraer – Gretna – Carlisle – Newcastle ... Kristiansand – Arendal – Porsgrunn – Larvik – Sandefjord – Horten – Drammen – Oslo – Askim – Karlstad – Örebro – Västerås – Stockholm/Kapellskär ... Mariehamn ... Turku/Naantali – Helsinki – Kotka – Vaalimaa – Vyborg – Saint Petersburg

• Roads in the United Kingdom
• Roads in the Republic of Ireland
• Local roads in Ireland
• History of roads in Ireland
• Northern Irish Vehicle Registration Plates
• Transport in Ireland