Robert Alexander Courts KC (born 21 October 1978) is a British politician and barrister serving as Solicitor General for England and Wales since December 2023. A member of the Conservative Party, he has been MP for Witney since 2016. He previously served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Transport in the Johnson government from 2020 to 2022 and served as Chair of the Defence Select Committee from October to December 2023.

Courts was elected for Witney at a by-election in 2016, succeeding former Prime Minister David Cameron. He retained his seat in the 2017 and 2019 general elections.

Robert Courts was born in Stockport, Greater Manchester. His father Ian Courts is a solicitor, company director, and the Conservative leader of Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council.^[3] His mother, Sheila, is a school governor.^[3][4]

Courts was educated at Berkhamsted School, where he was head of Fry's House, before reading law at the University of Sheffield.^[5]

He was called to the Bar at Lincoln's Inn in 2003 and practises as a barrister at 3PB Chambers principally in the fields of personal injury/clinical negligence and public and regulatory law.^[6] He worked in Wellington, New Zealand, at the Crown Law Office (Legal Advisors) for the New Zealand Government in 2009.^[6]

Courts stood as a Council candidate in Solihull in 2002 but was unsuccessful. Courts was elected a Conservative member of West Oxfordshire District Council in 2014.^[7]

Courts supported the successful 'Leave' campaign in the EU referendum on 23 June 2016.^[8]

He was selected as the Conservative Party candidate in the 2016 Witney by-election.^[7] At the election, Courts was elected as MP for Witney with 45% of the vote and a majority of 5,702.^[9] He was sworn into the House on 24 October.^[10]

He is a member of the European Research Group, having subscribed in April 2017.^[11]

At the snap 2017 general election, Courts was re-elected as MP for Witney with an increased vote share of 55.5% and an increased majority of 21,241.^[12][13]

He was appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary (PPS) for the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in January 2018,^[14] but resigned as a PPS on 15 July 2018, in protest of the White Paper on Exiting the European Union and the Chequers Agreement.^[15][16][17]

Courts' main Parliamentary interests are defence and foreign policy. He is credited by the House of Commons library with helping to lead the "parliamentary pressure" that led to the announcement of the Ministry of Defence's Combat Air Strategy, the programme for the eventual replacement of the Eurofighter Typhoon.^[18] Courts represents RAF Brize Norton, the largest RAF base in the UK, and serves as the vice chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for the Armed Forces. He is a council member of the Air League.^[19]

In October 2018, the Parliamentary commissioner for standards found Courts had breached rules by using official stationery in campaign updates.^[20]

In August 2019, Courts was appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary to the secretary of state for environment, food and rural affairs, Theresa Villiers. Regarding parliamentary procedure, Courts has been an outspoken critic of Early Day Motions (EDMs), describing them as "parliamentary graffiti". Courts has said that EDMs are generally tabled by MPs on behalf of "lobbyists or groups keen to show themselves as doing something", that they are "politically impotent" and a waste of taxpayers' money.^[21]

At the 2019 general election, Courts was again re-elected, with a decreased vote share of 55.2% and a decreased majority of 15,177.^[22]

Courts was a supporter of the proposed free trade deal with Australia and New Zealand, describing it as a "no-brainer".^[23]

Courts is married to Kathryn; they have two young children, and live in the village of Bladon, Oxfordshire.^[33]

He has been a member of the Churchill Centre for many years, and reviews books about Winston Churchill in the quarterly journal, Finest Hour.^[34]

On 24 January 2024, he was appointed King's Counsel.^[35]