Roscosmos
The State Space Corporation "Roscosmos"[2] (Russian: Государственная корпорация по космической деятельности «Роскосмос»), commonly known simply as Roscosmos (Russian: Роскосмос), is a state corporation of the Russian Federation responsible for space flights, cosmonautics programs, and aerospace research.[3]
| Государственная Корпорация "Роскосмос" | |
 Roscosmos's logo in Russian. | |
 Roscosmos's logo in English. | |
 | |
| Agency overview | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | Roscosmos |
| Formed | 25 February 1992 (as the Russian Federal Space Agency) |
| Preceding agency |
|
| Type | Space agency |
| Jurisdiction | Government of Russia |
| Headquarters | Moscow, Russia 55°47′2″N 37°37′50″E |
| Official language | Russian |
| Administrator | Yury Borisov |
| Primary spaceport | |
| Owner | Russia |
| Employees | 170,500 (2020) |
| Annual budget |  154 billion₽ (2021)[1] (US$1.92 billion) |
| Website | www.roscosmos.ru Currently broken. See Wayback Machine version |
Originating from the Soviet space program founded in the 1950s, Roscosmos emerged following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. It initially began as the Russian Space Agency, which was established on 25 February 1992[4][Note 1] and restructured in 1999 and 2004, as the Russian Aviation and Space Agency[Note 2] and the Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos), respectively.[Note 3][4] In 2015, the Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) was merged with the United Rocket and Space Corporation, a government corporation, to re-nationalize the Russian space industry, leading to Roscosmos in its current form.[5][6][7]
Roscosmos is headquartered in Moscow, with its main Mission Control Center in the nearby city of Korolyov, and the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center located in Star City in Moscow Oblast. Its launch facilities include Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the world's first and largest spaceport, and Vostochny Cosmodrome, which is being built in the Russian Far East in Amur Oblast. Its director since July 2022 is Yury Borisov.[8]
As the main successor to the Soviet space program, Roscosmos' legacy includes the world's first satellite, first human spaceflight, and first space station (Salyut). Its current activities include the International Space Station, wherein it is a major partner. On 22 February 2019, Roscosmos announced the construction of its new headquarters in Moscow, the National Space Centre. Its Astronaut Corps is the first in the world's history.