The Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia, more commonly known by its acronym RCPA, is a medical organization that promotes the science and practice of pathology. The RCPA is a leading organisation representing pathologists and other senior scientists in Australasia.

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The College of Pathologists of Australia was incorporated on 10 April 1956. In 1970, the college was granted royal assent, and became the Royal College of Pathologists of Australia. With the increasing number of Fellows in New Zealand, the college changed its name to the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia in January 1980. Since 1986, the college has occupied Durham Hall, a heritage listed building in Surry Hills, Sydney^[1] and the adjacent 203-205 Albion Street cottages.^[2]

The college collaborated with the Commonwealth Government to establish the National Pathology Accreditation Advisory Council (NPAAC) in 1979. NPAAC advises the Commonwealth, State and Territory Health Ministers on matters relating to the accreditation of pathology laboratories, plays a key role in ensuring the quality of Australian pathology services and is responsible for the development and maintenance of standards and guidelines for pathology practices.

While NPAAC provides the standards for laboratory practice, the actual accreditation process is carried out by NATA/RCPA, a joint initiative between the college and the National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA).