SWAC_(computer)

SWAC (computer)

SWAC (computer)

Early electronic digital computer built in 1950


The SWAC (Standards Western Automatic Computer) was an early electronic digital computer built in 1950 by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in Los Angeles, California. It was designed by Harry Huskey.[1][self-published source]

Quick Facts Also known as, Manufacturer ...
SWAC Williams tube memory unit
Memory pattern on SWAC Williams tube CRT

Overview

Like the SEAC which was built about the same time, the SWAC was a small-scale interim computer designed to be built quickly and put into operation while the NBS waited for more powerful computers to be completed (in particular, the RAYDAC by Raytheon).

The machine used 2,300 vacuum tubes. It had 256 words of memory, using Williams tubes, with each word being 37 bits. It had only seven basic operations: add, subtract, and fixed-point multiply;[2] comparison, data extraction, input and output. Several years later, drum memory was added.[3]

When the SWAC was completed in August 1950,[4] it was the fastest computer in the world. It continued to hold that status until the IAS computer was completed a year later. It could add two numbers and store the result in 64 microseconds. A similar multiplication took 384 microseconds. It was used by the NBS until 1954 when the Los Angeles office was closed, and then by UCLA until 1967 (with modifications). It was charged out there for $40 per hour.

In January 1952, Raphael M. Robinson used the SWAC to discover five Mersenne primes—the largest prime numbers known at the time, with 157, 183,[5] 386, 664 and 687 digits.

Additionally, the SWAC was vital in doing the intense calculation required for the X-ray analysis of the structure of vitamin B12 done by Dorothy Hodgkin.[6] This was fundamental in Hodgkin receiving the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1964.

See also


References

  1. McMurran, Marshall William (2008). ACHIEVING ACCURACY: A Legacy of Computers and Missiles. Xlibris Corporation. p. 49. ISBN 9781462810659.
  2. Davis, Philip (1961). Alt, Franz (ed.). Advances in Computers: Volume 2. Elsevier Science. p. 85. ISBN 9780080566344. Retrieved 2023-06-27. SWAC, a fixed-point computer
  3. "6. National Bureau of Standards Western Automatic Computer (SWAC)". Digital Computer Newsletter. 2 (4): 3. December 1950.[dead link]
  4. "4. The SWAC". Digital Computer Newsletter. 4 (2): 3. April 1952.[dead link]
  5. Hodgkin, D.C.; Pickworth, J.; Robertson, J.H; Trueblood, K.N.; Prosen, R.J; White, J.G. Nature. 1955. 176. 325.

Further reading


Share this article:

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article SWAC_(computer), and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.