Sajó
Sajó
River in Slovakia and Hungary
The Sajó (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈʃɒjoː] SHOH-yoe, Hungarian) or Slaná (Slovak) is a river in Slovakia and Hungary.
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| Sajó Slaná | |
|---|---|
 The river between Sajóvámos and Szirmabesenyő | |
  Current and watershed of the Sajó River in Slovakia and Hungary | |
| Location | |
| Countries | Slovakia and Hungary |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Stolica Mountains |
| • coordinates | 48°46′34.4388″N 20°12′34.6464″E |
| • elevation | 1,229 m (4,032 ft) |
| Mouth | |
• location | Tisza |
• coordinates | 47.9437°N 21.1142°E / 47.9437; 21.1142 |
• elevation | 91 m (299 ft) |
| Length | 229.4 km (142.5 mi) |
| Basin size | 12,708.3 km2 (4,906.7 sq mi)[1] to 12,869.6 km2 (4,969.0 sq mi)[2] |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Tiszaújváros, Hungary (near mouth) |
| • average | 65.6 m3/s (2,320 cu ft/s) to 78.623 m3/s (2,776.5 cu ft/s)[2] |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Miskolc (53.205 rkm; Basin size: 6,245.8 km2 (2,411.5 sq mi) |
| • average | 35.087 m3/s (1,239.1 cu ft/s)[2] |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Kazincbarcika (88.4 rkm; Basin size: 4,361 km2 (1,684 sq mi) |
| • average | 24.473 m3/s (864.3 cu ft/s)[2] |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Bánréve, Sajópüspöki (123.6 rkm; Basin size: 3,204.7 km2 (1,237.3 sq mi) |
| • average | 20.55 m3/s (726 cu ft/s)[2] |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Rožňava (Rozsnyó, 177.5 rkm; Basin size: 301.53 km2 (116.42 sq mi) |
| • average | 3.264 m3/s (115.3 cu ft/s)[2] |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Tisza→ Danube→ Black Sea |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Takta, Hornád, Bodva, Szuha |
| • right | Szinva, Bán-patak, Hangony, Rimava, Turiec, Muráň, Štítnik |
Its length is 229 km, of which 110 km is in Slovakia. Its source is in the Stolica Mountains range of the Slovak Ore Mountains. It flows through the Slovak town Rožňava and the Hungarian city Miskolc. In Hungary Sajó flows through the county of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén. It flows into the River Tisza near Tiszaújváros. Its main tributaries are the Bodva and the Hornád. It is also known for the Battle of the Sajó River from 11 April 1241 between the Mongol Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary.
Catchment area of the Sajó river by country:[3]
| River | Area by country | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Slovakia  |
Hungary  | |||
| (km2) | (%) | (km2) | (%) | |
| Sajó | 3,217 | 25.3 | 2,328 | 18.3 |
| Bódva | 858 | 6.8 | 869 | 6.8 |
| Hernád | 4,423 | 34.8 | 1,013 | 8.0 |
| 8,498 | 66.9 | 4,210 | 33.1 | |
| Sajó River Basin | 12,708 km2 | 100.0% | ||
Important hydrological stations along the Sajó river:[3][2]
| Station | River kilo-meter (rkm) | Altitude (m) | Basin size (km2) | Average discharge (m3/s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary | ||||
| Tiszaújváros (near mouth) | 0.0 | 91 | 12,869.6 | 78.623 |
| Kesznyéten | 10.5 | 94 | 12,131.9 | 75.582 |
| Ónod | 34 | 104 | 6,691 | 36.701 |
| Felsőzsolca | 50.9 | 114 | 6,591.9 | 36.276 |
| Miskolc | 53.9 | 116 | 6,591.9 | 36.146 |
| Kazincbarcika | 88.4 | 135 | 4,361 | 24.473 |
| Sajópüspöki, Bánréve | 123.6 | 155 | 3,204.7 | 20.55 |
| Slovakia | ||||
| Lenartovce | 127.2 | 157 | 1,829.65 | 14.5 |
| Bretka (Beretke) | 149.8 | 193 | 889.12 | 6.075 |
| Rožňava
(Rozsnyó) |
175.5 | 276.6 | 301.53 | 3.264 |
| Gemerská Poloma | 184.3 | 320.9 | 201.6 | 2.622 |
| Vlachovo | 198.6 | 412 | 123.16 | 2.051 |
| Vyšná Slaná | 201.3 | 440.9 | 60.28 | 0.696 |
Complete list of streams (slovak 'potok'; Hungarian 'patak') and rivers flowing into the Sajó (from the estuary upwards):[2][4][1]
| Left
tributary | Right tributary | Length (km) | Basin size (km2) | Average discharge (m3/s) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary
| |||||
| Inér-háti-főcsatorna | 10.2 | 55 | 0.089 | ||
| Takta | 63.8 | 620.6 | 2.951 | ||
| Hejő-Szarda-övcsatorna | |||||
| Hernád | 282.2 | 5,436.4 | 38.555 | ||
| Kis-Sajó | 20.9 | 85.8 | 0.16 | ||
| Szinva | 18.5 | 159.4 | 0.733 | ||
| Bábony-patak | 9.5 | 26.9 | 0.122 | ||
| Bódva | 110.7 | 1,727.3 | 9.983 | ||
| Harica | 20.1 | 86.1 | 0.292 | ||
| Alacska-patak | 6.6 | 10 | 0.049 | ||
| Szuha | 40 | 211.6 | 0.982 | ||
| Tardona-patak | 18.9 | 47.2 | 0.206 | ||
| Bán-patak | 23.9 | 260.3 | 0.893 | ||
| Galgóc-patak | 3.1 | ||||
| Zsuponyó-patak | 7.5 | 17 | 0.094 | ||
| Szörnyűvölgyi-patak | 6 | 10.3 | 0.051 | ||
| Mercse-patak | 10.6 | 30.1 | 0.16 | ||
| Hangony | 30.9 | 295.2 | 1.033 | ||
| Keleméri-patak | 15.6 | 60.3 | 0.19 | ||
| Slovakia
| |||||
| Rimava (Rima) | 88 | 1,368.6 | 7.912 | ||
| Lúčka | 7.2 | ||||
| Neporadzský potok | 8.2 | 0.091 | |||
| Konský potok | 10 | 0.139 | |||
| Kaloša | 15.1 | 146.6 | 0.27 | ||
| Hubovský potok | 9.2 | ||||
| Turiec | 46.2 | 370.5 | 2.072 | ||
| Chinča | 9.8 | 0.111 | |||
| Gemerský potok | 3.8 | ||||
| Lapša | 9.5 | ||||
| Muráň | 48.8 | 413.2 | 3.118 | ||
| Sograd' | 8.3 | 0.064 | |||
| Androvský potok | 3.4 | 0.167 | |||
| Mlynský | |||||
| Štítnik | 32.8 | 229.6 | 1.715 | ||
| Egressy potok | 4.2 | ||||
| Čremošná | 29 | 142 | 0.968 | ||
| Honský potok | 12.8 | 26.23 | 0.189 | ||
| Rožňavský potok | 13.34 | 42.3 | 0.332 | ||
| Betliarsky potok | 7.9 | 0.124 | |||
| Capašsky potok | 5.3 | ||||
| Súl'ovský potok | 14.2 | 57.66 | 0.462 | ||
| Kolesárský potok | 6.2 | ||||
| Dolinský potok | |||||
| Lučica | 4.9 | ||||
| Henckovský potok | 3 | ||||
| Pališov potok | 2.9 | ||||
| Kobeliarovský potok | 6.76 | 15.65 | 0.138 | ||
| Gampeľský potok | 3.4 | ||||
| Gočovský potok | 2.9 | ||||
| Vlachovský potok | 5.3 | ||||
| Dobšinský potok | 15.5 | 57.32 | 0.578 | ||
| Žoltkovský potok | 6.5 | ||||
| Potôčik | |||||
| Mlynná | |||||
| Krokovský potok | 1.9 | ||||
| Rovniansky potok | 5.5 | ||||
| Skalný potok | |||||
| Trsteník | 3.5 | ||||
The origin of the name is the subject of scholarly discussions. Hungarian linguists and historians suggested the derivation from the Hungarian sojó, só folyó (salt water, river) already in the 19th century.[5] Newer theories associate the name with sió referring to fast streams. According to Slovak linguists the name is pre-Hungarian (Slaná: salt river) and most likely not associated with the salinity but with the salt road existing already in times of Great Moravia. The supporters argue by numerous Slavic toponyms in the river basin and by local names related to soľ (salt) and Moravia like Moravce, Soľár, Solišče, Soľka, Soľník, Morava (according to this interpretation the Hungarian name is a later translation).[6]
- Krško, Jaromír (2013). "Rudolf Odraz multietnicity karpatského regiónu v slovenskej hydronymii". In Žeňuch, Peter; Uzeňova, Elena; Žeňuchová, Katarína (eds.). Jazyk a kultúra na Slovensku v slovanských a neslovanských súvislostiach (in Slovak). Bratislava: Slavistický ústav J. Stanislava SAV, Slovenský komitét slavistov a Zemplínske múzeum v Michalovciach. p. 71. ISBN 978-80-89489-11-4.
- Krško, Jaromír (2009). "Rudolf Krajčovič: Živé kroniky slovenských dejín skryté v názvoch obcí a miest – recenzia". Acta Onomastica (in Slovak) (L). Praha: Ústav pro jazyk český AV ČR: 204–209. ISSN 1211-4413.
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