Early operations

The earliest scheduled carriers at the airport included Western Air Express, Maddux Air Lines, and Century Pacific Lines.^[6] United Airlines was formed in 1934 and quickly became the key carrier at the airport, with Douglas DC-3 service to Los Angeles and New York beginning in January 1937. A new passenger terminal opened in 1937, built with Public Works Administration funding.^[6] The March 1939 Official Aviation Guide shows 18 airline departures on weekdays—seventeen United flights and one TWA flight. The August 1952 chart shows runway 1L 7,000 feet long, 1R 7,750 feet, 28L 6,500 feet, and 28R 8,870 feet.

In addition to United, Pacific Seaboard Air Lines flew between San Francisco and Los Angeles in 1933; the Bellanca CH-300s flew San Francisco–San Jose–Salinas–Monterey–Paso Robles–San Luis Obispo–Santa Maria–Santa Barbara–Los Angeles.^[8] Competition with United led Pacific Seaboard to move all of its operations to the eastern U.S., and rename itself Chicago and Southern Air Lines (C&S). It became a large domestic and international air carrier. Chicago & Southern was acquired by and merged into Delta Air Lines in 1953, giving Delta its first international routes.^[9] Delta used the route authority inherited from C&S to fly one of its first international services operated with Convair 880 jet aircraft from San Francisco to Montego Bay, Jamaica, and Caracas, Venezuela, via intermediate stops in Dallas and New Orleans in 1962.^[10]

World War II

During World War II, the airport was used as a Coast Guard base and Army Air Corps training and staging base. The base was called Naval Auxiliary Air Facility Mills Field and Coast Guard Air Station, San Francisco.^[11] Pan American World Airways (Pan Am), which had operated international flying boat service from Treasure Island, had to move its Pacific and Alaska seaplane operations to SFO in 1944 after Treasure Island was expropriated for use as a military base.^{[citation needed]} Pan Am began service from SFO after World War II with five weekly flights to Honolulu, one of which continued to Canton Island, Fiji, New Caledonia, and Auckland.^{[citation needed]}

International operations

The first service by foreign carriers was on Australian National Airways (ANA) Douglas DC-4s flown by British Commonwealth Pacific Airlines: Sydney–Auckland–Fiji–Kanton Island–Honolulu–San Francisco–Vancouver, BC. The first flight left Australia on September 15, 1946.^[12] In 1947 Pan American World Airways began its "round the world" flights from SFO to Guam, Japan, the Philippines, China and other countries; Pan Am also flew to Sydney from SFO.^[13] The year 1947 saw the start of United Airlines Douglas DC-6 flights to Hawaii and Philippine Airlines flights to Manila.^[6]

TWA began flying Lockheed Constellations (L-1649A's) nonstop to London Heathrow and Paris Orly in 1957.^[14][15] In 1954 Qantas took over the ANA/BCPA route from SFO to Sydney; starting in 1959 their Boeing 707s flew to Sydney via Honolulu and Nadi, Fiji, and in the other direction to New York and London.^[16] Pan Am scheduled Boeing 707-320s from Tokyo nonstop to SFO (winter only at first) starting in 1960–61; the westbound nonstops had to await the longer range Boeing 707-320B. British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC, a predecessor of British Airways) arrived in 1957; in 1960 its Bristol Britannias flew London–New York City–San Francisco–Honolulu–Wake Island–Tokyo–Hong Kong as part of BOAC's around-the-world service.^[17] By 1961 BOAC had replaced the Britannias with Boeing 707s that did not require the fuel stop at the Wake Island Airfield.^[18] Japan Airlines (JAL) arrived at SFO in 1954; in 1961 it was flying Douglas DC-8s San Francisco–Honolulu–Tokyo.^[19] In 1961 Lufthansa had begun serving SFO with Boeing 707s flying San Francisco–Montreal Dorval Airport–Paris Orly Airport–Frankfurt three days a week.^[20] Lufthansa operated Boeing 720Bs on this routing in 1963 along with Boeing 707s to Frankfurt via Montreal and London Heathrow Airport.^[21] Pan Am/Panagra service from SFO to South America was taken over in the late 1960s by Braniff International, which operated Douglas DC-8-62s to SFO after Braniff's acquisition of Panagra.^[22] In 1970 CP Air (formerly Canadian Pacific Air Lines) Boeing 737-200s flew nonstop to Vancouver, BC, and on to Winnipeg, Toronto, Ottawa and Montreal.^[23]

Domestic expansion

The first nonstops to the U.S. east coast were United Douglas DC-7s in 1954. The airport's new Terminal Building opened on August 27, 1954. The large display of aircraft including a Convair B-36 Peacemaker bomber, was a marvel for its time.^[24][25] The building became the Central Terminal with the addition of the South Terminal and the North Terminal and was heavily rebuilt as the International Terminal in 1984 and then modified again as the current Terminal 2. Domestically, the April 1957 Official Airline Guide (OAG) lists 71 scheduled weekday departures on United (plus ten flights a week to Honolulu), 22 on Western Airlines, 19 on Southwest Airways (which was later renamed Pacific Air Lines), 12 on Trans World Airlines (TWA), seven on American Airlines and three on Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA). As for international flights, Pan American had 21 departures a week, Japan Airlines (JAL) had five, and Qantas also had five.^{[citation needed]}

Southwest/Pacific/Air West

Southwest Airways began flying scheduled passenger operations from SFO in 1946 with war surplus C-47s, the military version of the Douglas DC-3. In the late 1950s, Southwest Airways changed its name to Pacific Air Lines, which was based at SFO.^[26]

In 1959, Pacific Air Lines began flying new Fairchild F-27s from SFO^[27] and by 1966 was flying new Boeing 727-100s from the airport.^[28] Pacific used the 727 to introduce the first jet service from San Francisco to several cities in California including Bakersfield, Eureka/Arcata, Fresno, Lake Tahoe, Monterey and Santa Barbara.

In 1968 Pacific merged with Bonanza Air Lines and West Coast Airlines to form Air West, which also had its headquarters at SFO. West Coast Airlines had served SFO mainly with Douglas DC-9-10s and Fairchild F-27s to Oregon and Washington states.^[29] In 1970, Air West was acquired by Howard Hughes who renamed the airline Hughes Airwest, which continued to be based at the airport where it also operated a hub. By the late 1970s, the airline was operating an all-jet fleet of Boeing 727-200, Douglas DC-9-10, and McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30 jetliners serving an extensive route network in the western U.S. with flights to Mexico and western Canada as well.^[30] Hughes Airwest was eventually acquired by Minneapolis-based Republic Airlines (1979–1986) in 1980 and the airline's headquarters office at SFO was closed.^{[citation needed]}

Jet age

The jet age arrived at SFO in March 1959 when TWA introduced Boeing 707-131s nonstop to New York Idlewild Airport (which was renamed JFK Airport in 1963). United then constructed a large maintenance facility in San Francisco for its new Douglas DC-8s, which were also flying nonstop to New York. In July 1959 the first jetway bridge was installed at SFO, one of the first in the United States. On the cover of January 3, 1960, American Airlines timetable contained this message: "NOW! 707 JET FLAGSHIP SERVICE – NONSTOP SAN FRANCISCO – NEW YORK: 2 FLIGHTS DAILY"^[31] Also in 1960, Western Airlines was operating "champagne flights" with Boeing 707s and Lockheed L-188 Electras to Los Angeles, Seattle, San Diego and Portland, Oregon.^[32]

In 1961 the airport had helicopter service on San Francisco and Oakland Helicopter Airlines (known as SFO Helicopter Airlines, and as SFO Helicopter) with 68 flights a day. Helicopters flew from SFO to downtown heliports in San Francisco and Oakland, to a new heliport near the Berkeley Marina and to Oakland Airport (OAK). In its timetable, SFO Helicopter Airlines, which was based at the airport, described its rotorcraft as "modern, jet turbine powered Sikorsky S-62 ten passenger amphibious helicopters".^[33][34]

By 1962 Delta Air Lines was flying Convair 880s to SFO on one its first international jet services, San Francisco–Dallas Love Field–New Orleans–Montego Bay, Jamaica–Caracas, Venezuela.^[10] Also in 1962, National Airlines began flying Douglas DC-8s San Francisco–Houston Hobby Airport–New Orleans–Miami.^[35] SFO was among the first airports in the United States to install moving walkways inside a terminal. A 450-foot (140 m) set opened on May 20, 1964, in Concourse B and was the world's longest moving walkways at the time.^[36]

Service in California

By 1960, all Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA) flights out of SFO were operated with Lockheed L-188 Electras nonstop to Los Angeles (LAX) and Burbank (BUR) with some flights continuing to San Diego.^[37] In summer 1962 PSA had 14 departures a day Monday through Thursday to southern California, 21 departures on Friday and 22 on Sunday. In 1965 PSA was operating new Boeing 727-100s which were joined in 1967 by Boeing 727-200s and McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30s.^[38] In 1974 PSA was flying two wide body Lockheed L-1011 TriStars.^[38] After the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, PSA expanded outside of California.

In 1967, another intrastate airline joined PSA at SFO: Air California, flying Lockheed L-188 Electras nonstop to Orange County Airport (SNA, now John Wayne Airport).^{[citation needed]} Like PSA, Air California (later renamed AirCal) eventually became an all-jet airline and expanded outside of California. AirCal was merged into American Airlines while PSA was merged into USAir (later renamed US Airways which in turn eventually merged with American Airlines).

Earthquake and planned Bay fill expansion

The airport closed following the Loma Prieta earthquake on October 17, 1989, reopening the following morning.^[39] Minor damage to the runways was quickly repaired.^[40]

In 1989, a master plan and Environmental Impact Report were prepared to guide development over the next two decades.^[41] During the boom of the 1990s and the dot-com boom SFO became the sixth busiest airport in the world, but since 2001, when the boom ended, SFO has fallen out of the top 20.^[42] United Express turboprops were scheduled 60 minutes apart to the shuttle connecting passengers between SFO and nearby San Jose International Airport during the boom era.^{[citation needed]} United Groundlink supplemented this service with alternate 60-minute frequencies.

A $2.4 billion International Terminal Complex opened in December 2000, replacing Terminal 2 (known then as the International Terminal).^[25] The new International Terminal includes the San Francisco Airport Commission Aviation Museum and Library and the Louis A. Turpen Aviation Museum, as part of the SFO Museum.^[43] SFO's long-running museum exhibition program, now called SFO Museum, won unprecedented accreditation by the American Alliance of Museums in 1999.^[44]

SFO experiences delays (known as flow control) in overcast weather when only two of the airport's four runways can be used at a time because the centerlines of the parallel runway sets (01R/01L and 28R/28L) are only 750 feet (230 m) apart. Airport planners advanced proposals that would extend the airport's runways by adding up to 2 square miles (1,300 acres; 520 ha) of fill to San Francisco Bay and increase their separation by up to 4,300 feet (1,300 m) in 1998 to accommodate arrivals and departures during periods of low visibility. Other proposals included three floating runways, each approximately 12,000 feet (3,700 m) long and 1,000 feet (300 m) wide.^[45] The airport would be required by law to restore Bay land elsewhere in the Bay Area to offset the fill. One mitigation proposal would have the airport purchase and restore the 29,000 acres (12,000 ha) of South Bay wetlands owned by Cargill Salt to compensate for the new fill.^[46][47] These expansion proposals met resistance from environmental groups, including the Sierra Club, fearing damage to the habitat of animals near the airport, recreational degradation (such as windsurfing) and bay water quality.^[46][48]

State Senator John L. Burton introduced SB 1562 on February 18, 2000, to bypass the environmental impact study that would normally be required for a large project like the proposed Bay fill and mitigation in order to expedite construction. SB 1562 was signed into law on September 29, 2000.^[49][50] A study commissioned by the airport and released in 2001 stated that alternatives to airport expansion, such as redirecting traffic to other regional airports (Oakland or San Jose), capping the number of flights, or charging higher landing fees at selected times of the day would result in higher fares and poorer service.^[51] However, the proposal to build new runways on Bay fill continued to attract opposition from environmental groups and local residents.^[52] The airport expansion cost was estimated at US$1,400,000,000 (equivalent to $2,700,000,000 in 2024) in 1998,^[53] rising to US$2,200,000,000 (equivalent to $4,150,000,000 in 2024) a year later, including an estimate of US$200,000,000 (equivalent to $378,000,000 in 2024) for the Cargill wetlands purchase and restoration.^[54]

The delays during poor weather (among other reasons) caused some airlines, especially low-cost carriers such as Southwest Airlines, to shift all of their services from SFO to the Oakland and San Jose airports. However, Southwest eventually returned to San Francisco in 2007.^[55]

BART to SFO

A long-planned extension of the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system to the airport opened on June 22, 2003, allowing passengers to board BART trains at the international or domestic terminals and have direct rail transportation to downtown San Francisco, Oakland, and the East Bay.^[56] On February 24, 2003, the AirTrain people mover opened, transporting passengers between terminals, parking lots, the BART station, and the rental car center on small automatic trains.

Recent developments

SFO became the base of operations for start-up airline Virgin America, with service to over 20 destinations. On October 4, 2007, an Airbus A380 jumbo jet made its first visit to SFO.^[57] On July 14, 2008, SFO was voted Best International Airport in North America for 2008 in the World Airports Survey by Skytrax.^[58] The following year on June 9, Skytrax announced SFO as the second-best International Airport in North America in the 2009 World Airports Survey, losing to Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport.^[59]

In response to longstanding FAA concerns that the airport's air traffic control tower, located atop Terminal 2, could not withstand a major earthquake, on July 9, 2012, crews broke ground for a new torch-shaped tower.^[60] The new tower is located between Terminals 1 and 2, and the base of the tower building contains passages between the two terminals for passengers both pre- and post-security screening, which dictated the narrow tower base.^[61] Originally scheduled for completion in the summer of 2016 at a cost of $102 million, the new tower began operations on October 15, 2016.^[62]

SFO was one of several US airports that operated the Registered Traveler program from April 2007 until funding ended in June 2009. This program let travelers who had paid for pre-screening pass through security checkpoints quickly.^[63][64] Baggage and passenger screening is operated by Covenant Aviation Security, a Transportation Security Administration contractor, nicknamed "Team SFO". SFO was the first airport in the United States to integrate in-line baggage screening into its baggage handling system and has been a model for other airports since the September 11 attacks in 2001.

In September 2018, SFO announced plans to use sustainable fuels after signing an agreement with fuel suppliers, airlines, and agencies.^[65] As part of the agreement, Shell and SkyNRG began supplying sustainable aviation fuel to KLM, SAS, and Finnair flights operating out of SFO.^[66][67]

Like most other airports, SFO sustained a massive decline in traffic in 2020 and 2021 because of the COVID-19 pandemic.^[68] The only upside was that the decline reduced traffic to levels easily handled in all weather conditions.^[68] In 2022, SFO was ranked no. 1 by The Wall Street Journal on its list of Best Large U.S. Airports, on which the airport was ranked no. 1 for both reliability and convenience.^[68]

On August 6, 2024, SFO unveiled a new logo and brand identity, retiring its current logo after 24 years of use. The logo will be phased in over several years.^[69]

Airside connectors

There are airside connectors at SFO that enable passengers to move between adjacent terminal buildings while staying within the secure area. Since June 17, 2024 connectors are available between the A gates of International Terminal to Terminal 1, Terminal 1 to Terminal 2, Terminal 2 to Terminal 3, and Terminal 3 to the G gates of the International Terminal.^{[89][90][91][92][93][94]} There is no connector directly between the International Terminal A and G gates.

Terminal 1

Formerly known as the "South Terminal", Harvey Milk Terminal 1^[95] is composed of Boarding Area B, which currently has 26 gates (gates B2-B27) and Boarding Area C, which has 11 gates (gates C1-C11). A third boarding area, Rotunda A, was demolished in early 2007, as its functions had been taken over by the new International Terminal.

The South Terminal, which cost US$14,000,000 (equivalent to $143,790,000 in 2024),^[96] was initially dedicated on September 15, 1963.^[97] The terminal was designed by Welton Becket and Associates.^[98] When it opened, the South Terminal had three piers: Pier G (for international flights, approximately at the same location as the present-day Boarding Area (B/A) A in the International Terminal), Pier F/FF (used by Trans World Airlines (TWA) and Western Airlines, later renamed B/A B), and Pier E (used by American Airlines; originally part of Terminal 2, approximately at the present-day B/A C).^[99] The three-level Rotunda A addition was completed in 1974 at the end of Pier G.^{[100][101][102]} When the North Terminal was completed in 1979, Pier G was renamed Pier A, with the other piers renamed in a counterclockwise direction proceeding from the new Pier A.^[85] International flights were moved to the rebuilt Central Terminal (Terminal 2) in 1983, and then to the new International Terminal in 2000.

The South Terminal underwent a US$150,000,000 (equivalent to $398,800,000 in 2024) renovation designed by Howard A. Friedman and Associates,^[103] Marquis Associates and Wong & Brocchini^[104] that was completed in 1988. Terminal 1 then underwent a US$2,400,000,000 (equivalent to $3,144,430,000 in 2024) project to modernize the concourse and add gates;^[105] the project broke ground on June 29, 2016. The phase of the project to expand Boarding Area B includes the demolition of the old TWA hangar, the demolition of the two rotundas, and the relocation of two taxiways.^[99] The multi-phase project yielded a total of 27 gates when completed in 2024 including a secure Federal Inspection Services (FIS) connector to the existing customs facilities in the International Terminal.^[106] This effectively added six new gates that can handle international arrivals. A renovation of Boarding Area C was expected to begin after the completion of work on Boarding Area B, but there were no current plans as of September 2024.^[99][107]

In April 2018, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors and mayor Mark Farrell approved and signed legislation renaming Terminal 1 after deceased gay rights activist and former member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors Harvey Milk, and planned to install artwork memorializing him. This followed a previous attempt to rename the entire airport after him, which was turned down.^[108][109] Following the art and photo installation, the renamed terminal was opened to the media and public for preview tours in advance of its official opening on July 23, 2019.^[95] Harvey Milk Terminal 1 is the world's first airport terminal named after a leader of the LGBTQ community.^[95]

The first nine gates at the newly reconstructed Boarding Area B opened on July 23, 2019, with Southwest Airlines and JetBlue becoming the first tenants.^[110] In late-April 2020, the terminal's new lobby opened, with new ticket counters for Southwest and JetBlue, and a new permanent exhibit honoring Milk.^[111][112] On May 12, 2020, in conjunction with the launch of nine new gates at Boarding Area B (B19-B27), American Airlines moved into the new facility, with new ticket counters, baggage systems, and a new Admirals Club lounge.^[113][114] Seven gates (B2-B5, B10-B11, B15-B16) in the new terminal opened on May 25, 2021.^[115]

In 2022, Hawaiian Airlines and WestJet moved a few of their departures into the B gates, but check-in counters and baggage claim remain in International Terminal A. In June 2024, Alaska Airlines moved all of its operations from Terminal 2 into Harvey Milk Terminal 1, in order to be closer to their Oneworld partner American Airlines and opened an Alaska Lounge in the terminal in July 2024.^[116] Two gates (B3 and C1) also opened that month.^[107] In December 2024, Hawaiian Airlines moved its check-in counters and baggage claim from the International Terminal A to the Harvey Milk Terminal 1 as part of its merger with Alaska Airlines.^[117]

JetBlue operates two gates preferentially (B3 and B6), while American operates six of the nine new gates preferentially (B22-B27).^[118][119] Alaska Airlines operates ten gates in the terminal preferentially (B7-8, B10-11, B15-16, and B18-21). Three gates (B2, B4, and B5) are not assigned preferentially to any airline.

Terminal 2

Formerly known as the "Central Terminal", Terminal 2 is composed of Boarding Area D, which has 14 gates (D1-D12 and D14-D16). Gate D13 does not exist as the number has been reserved for future development.^[120] Between June 23, 2020 and October 8, 2024, Boarding Area C was also considered part of Terminal 2.^[121]

Terminal 2 opened in 1954 as the main airport terminal. After a drastic rebuilding designed by Gensler, it replaced Rotunda A as SFO's international terminal in 1983^[122][123] until it was closed for renovation after the current international terminal opened in 2000. The initial plan was to convert Terminal 2 for domestic travel and reopen it by fall 2001, but the loss of passenger traffic after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 put those plans on hold. The upper levels continued to be used as office spaces and for the airport's medical clinic, and the control tower remained in use.^[124]

On May 12, 2008, a US$383,000,000 (equivalent to $559,350,000 in 2024) renovation project was announced that included a new control tower, the use of green materials, a seismic retrofit, and an expansion from ten to fourteen gates.^[124][125] The terminal reopened for commercial travel on April 14, 2011, with Virgin America (later Alaska Airlines) and American Airlines sharing the new 14-gate common-use facility.^[126] Approximately a week earlier, on April 6, 2011, Virgin America's ceremonial flight VX2001 was the first to arrive at the renovated Terminal 2, an Airbus A320 bearing founder Richard Branson with other invited celebrity guests, such as Buzz Aldrin, Rachel Hunter, and Gavin Newsom. VX2001 had rendezvoused with White Knight Two/SpaceShipTwo over Point Reyes before making a side-by-side landing.^[127] The newly renovated terminal also designed by Gensler features permanent art installations from Janet Echelman, Kendall Buster, Norie Sato, Charles Sowers, and Walter Kitundu.^{[122][128][129]} Transition zones (the immediate post-security line area for "passenger recomposure") and exit areas (where disembarking passengers may be greeted) were designed with generous space.^[130][131] Terminal 2 set accolades by being the first U.S. airport to achieve LEED Gold status.^[132] Paolo Lucchesi, a local food critic, noted the sustainable food and dining program featuring local vendors and sources.^[133][134]

Following the construction of a new control tower in 2016, the tower and the offices above the terminal were demolished and new office space was constructed in their place. On February 14, 2020, a new public, outdoor observation deck, called SkyTerrace, was opened in the new office space.^[135]

Until May 12, 2020, American's check-in counters were consolidated to T2, but its operations were split between Boarding Area D and Boarding Area C (linked via an airside connector). Following American's move to T1, the existing Admirals Club location was converted to an Alaska lounge, which has since closed.^[136]

Air Canada and Breeze Airways have moved into Terminal 2 during 2022-Q1. As a result, all check-ins and departures from Air Canada are no longer operating at the International Terminal. Since 2023, United Airlines has operated some flights out of Boarding Area D due to the Terminal 3 renovation project. In March 2025, Southwest Airlines moved all operations to Terminal 2.^[137]

Terminal 3

Formerly known as the "North Terminal", Terminal 3 is composed of Boarding Area E with 13 gates (gates E1-E13) and Boarding Area F with 18 gates (gates F5-F22). Terminal 3 is used for United Airlines' domestic flights. Mainline United and United Express flights use both boarding areas.^[138]

This $82.44 million terminal was originally designed by San Francisco Airport Architects (a joint venture of John Carl Warnecke and Associates, Dreyfuss + Blackford Architecture, and minority architects).^[139] The groundbreaking ceremony for the North Terminal was held on April 22, 1971,^[140] and Boarding Area F opened in 1979 and Boarding Area E opened in 1981.^[141] All terminals (except the International Terminal) were redesignated by number starting October 1, 2001.^[142]

A solar roof was installed in 2007 with sufficient generating capacity to power all Terminal 3 lights during the day.^[143] American Airlines^[144] and Air Canada^[145] occupied Boarding Area E until it closed for refurbishment in 2011 under the airport's FY 2010/11 – FY 2014/15 Capital Plan. Designed by Gensler, the renovation included architectural enhancements, structural renovations, replacement of HVAC systems, roof repair, and new carpeting.^[146] Initial modest renovation plans were replaced by a more ambitious project after the popularity of the remodeling of Terminal 2.^[147] After the completion of the US$138,000,000 (equivalent to $183,300,000 in 2024) project, Boarding Area E reopened on January 28, 2014, followed by Terminal 3 East on November 18.^{[148][149][150]} The project moved one gate from Boarding Area F to Boarding Area E to provide a total of ten aircraft parking positions at T3E.^[151] Following a 2019 renumbering of all gates at SFO, three additional gates moved from Boarding Area F to Boarding Area E, with the latter now containing 13 gates.^[120]

In 2020, airport officials postponed a planned renovation for Terminal 3 West.^[152] After a four year delay, the $2.6 billion project broke ground in 2024.^[36][88] It will seismically retrofit part of Terminal 3, add international arrivals capabilities to up to four gates, renovate the check-in lobby, and expand the security checkpoint.^[36][153] The project also includes a replacement of the "bouncy" moving walkway in Terminal 3 that was installed in the 1970s using one continuous section of rubber.^[36][154]

There are two United Clubs in Terminal 3—one near the rotunda for Boarding Area F and another at the beginning of Boarding Area E. Terminal 3 also houses the American Express Centurion Lounge, located across from Gate F2.

International Terminal

The International Terminal is composed of Boarding Area A with 15 gates (A1-A15) and Boarding Area G with 14 gates (G1-G14). Designed by Craig W. Hartman of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, the terminal opened in December 2000 to replace the International Departures section of Terminal 2. It is the largest international terminal in North America, and the largest building in the world built on base isolators to protect against earthquakes.^[155] Food service focuses on quick service versions of leading San Francisco Bay Area restaurants, following other SFO terminals. Planners attempted to make the airport a destination in and of itself, not just for travelers passing through.^[156] The international terminal is a common-use facility, with all gates and all ticketing areas shared among international airlines and several domestic carriers. Common-use terminal equipment (CUTE) is used at check-in counters and gates.^[157] All international arrivals and departures are handled here (except flights from cities with customs preclearance). The International Terminal houses the airport's BART station, adjacent to the garage leading to Boarding Area G. The SFO Medical Clinic is located next to the security screening area of Boarding Area A. All gates in this terminal have at least two jetway bridges, except gates A3 and A12, which have one. Gates A1 and A2 can accommodate two aircraft. Six of the gates are designed for the Airbus A380, making SFO one of the first airports in the world with such gates when it was built in 2000.^[158] Gate A11 has three jetways for boarding.^[159] Four other gates have two jetways fitted for A380 service.^[159]

The International Terminal completed a continuous ring of terminals, by filling in the last remaining gap to the west of then-existing terminals. Its geometry required that the terminal structure be built above the main access road, at enormous expense, including building dedicated ramps for connectivity to Highway 101. The design and construction of the international terminal was by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Del Campo & Maru Architects, Michael Willis Associates, and built by Tutor Perini (main terminal building), Hellmuth, Obata, and Kassabaum in association with Robin Chiang & Company, Robert B. Wong Architects, and built by Tutor Perini (Boarding Area G), and Gerson/Overstreet Architects and built by Hensel Phelps Construction (Boarding Area A).^[155] The contracts were awarded after an architectural design competition.

Most international flights operated by Star Alliance carriers, including all United international flights and select United domestic flights, are assigned to Boarding Area G's 14 gates.^[160] Most international flights operated by SkyTeam, Oneworld, and non-aligned international carriers board and deplane at Boarding Area A's 15 gates. However, Star Alliance carriers Air India, Avianca El Salvador, Copa Airlines, EVA Air, TAP Air Portugal, and Turkish Airlines operate out of Boarding Area A. Boarding Area A is also used by domestic carriers Frontier Airlines and Sun Country Airlines. When all gates in an airline's designated international boarding area are full, the passengers will board or deplane from the opposite international boarding area or, in the case of Boarding Area A, the adjacent B gates. Aer Lingus, Flair Airlines, and WestJet operate from airports with United States border preclearance, allowing arriving passengers to skip the wait at customs and immigration when they arrive at SFO, and exit the airport from the departure level.

The two main designations for the International Terminal are "I", and "INTL" (abbreviations for "International"). Oftentimes travel itineraries will say "T-I", and this has led to instances where passengers misinterpret the "I" as Terminal 1, especially since both Boarding Area A and Boarding Area G are used for a limited number of domestic flights.^[who?]

In 2024, the airport announced that the International Terminal would be renamed after the late senator and former mayor Dianne Feinstein.^[161] The departures main hall is already named after the late mayor Ed Lee.

Passenger

Cargo

Top destinations

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Busiest domestic routes from SFO (October 2023 – September 2024)^[257]

Rank	City	Passengers	Carriers
1	Los Angeles, California	1,339,000	Alaska, American, Delta, Southwest, United
2	Chicago–O'Hare, Illinois	922,000	Alaska, American, United
3	New York–JFK, New York	917,000	Alaska, American, Delta, JetBlue
4	Denver, Colorado	872,000	Frontier, Southwest, United
5	Newark, New Jersey	791,000	Alaska, United
6	Las Vegas, Nevada	788,000	Alaska, Frontier, Southwest, United
7	Seattle/Tacoma, Washington	767,000	Alaska, Delta, United
8	Boston, Massachusetts	673,000	Alaska, Delta, JetBlue, United
9	Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas	649,000	American, Frontier, United
10	San Diego, California	644,000	Alaska, Frontier, Southwest, United

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Busiest international routes from SFO (2024)^[258]

Rank	Airport	Passengers	% Change from 2023	Change in Rank	Carriers
1	Taipei-Taoyuan, Taiwan	1,357,244	21.34%		China Airlines, EVA Air, Starlux Airlines, United
2	London–Heathrow, United Kingdom	1,041,811	0.12%		British Airways, United, Virgin Atlantic
3	Vancouver, Canada	816,819	2.91%		Air Canada, Flair, United, WestJet
4	Seoul-Incheon, South Korea	700,297	3.46%		Air Premia, Asiana Airlines, Korean Air, United
5	Frankfurt, Germany	636,217	2.26%		Condor, Lufthansa, United
6	Hong Kong, Hong Kong	633,410	32.32%	3	Cathay Pacific, United
7	Toronto, Canada	619,841	11.55%		Air Canada, Porter Airlines, United
8	Tokyo-Narita, Japan	575,723	16.04%		All Nippon Airways, Japan Airlines, United, Zipair Tokyo
9	Singapore, Singapore	544,512	7.48%	3	Singapore Airlines, United
10	Mexico City, Mexico	493,301	8.71%		Aeromexico, United

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Airline market share

Traffic numbers

This graph was using the legacy Graph extension, which is no longer supported. It needs to be converted to the new Chart extension.

Annual passenger traffic at SFO airport. See Wikidata query.

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Traffic by calendar year^[260]

Year	Rank	Enplaned and deplaned passengers	Change	Aircraft movements	Cargo (tonnes)
1998		40,101,387		432,046	598,579
1999		40,387,538	0.7%	438,685	655,409
2000	9	41,048,996	1.8%	429,222	695,258
2001	14	34,632,474	15.6%	387,594	517,124
2002	19	31,450,168	9.2%	351,453	506,083
2003	22	29,313,271	6.8%	334,515	483,413
2004	21	32,744,186	8.8%	353,231	489,776
2005	23	33,394,225	2.0%	352,871	520,386
2006	26	33,581,412	0.5%	359,201	529,303
2007	23	35,790,746	6.6%	379,500	503,899
2008	21	37,402,541	4.5%	387,710	429,912
2009	20	37,453,634	0.1%	379,751	356,266
2010	23	39,391,234	5.2%	387,248	384,179
2011	22	41,045,431	4.2%	403,564	340,766
2012	22	44,477,209	8.4%	424,566	337,357
2013	22	44,944,201	1.2%	421,400	325,782
2014	21	47,074,162	4.9%	431,633	349,585
2015	15	50,067,094	6.2%	429,815	389,934
2016	23	53,106,505	6.1%	450,388	420,086
2017	24	55,832,518	5.1%	460,343	491,162
2018	25	57,793,313	3.5%	470,164	500,081
2019	24	57,488,023	0.5%	458,496	546,437
2020	50	16,427,801	71.4%	231,163	439,358
2021	41	24,343,627	48.2%	265,597	528,792
2022	24	42,281,641	73.7%	355,006	491,192
2023	29	50,196,094	18.7%	384,871	484,100
2024	36	52,288,098	4.1%	386,507	561,594

Close

Transit

Parts of this article (those related to the ferry shuttle) need to be updated. (March 2024)

The AirTrain is a landside people-mover system that connects each terminal, the two international terminal garages, the BART station, the Grand Hyatt hotel, the airport's Rental Car Center, and the Long-Term Parking garage. The AirTrain is fully automated and free to ride.^[261][262]

Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) serves the airport at San Francisco International Airport station, located west of the International Terminal. The trains connect the airport directly to San Francisco, Oakland, and numerous other cities across the San Francisco Bay Area.^{[citation needed]}

San Mateo County's transit agency, SamTrans, serves the airport with several routes. Buses stop at the arrivals/baggage claim level of the domestic terminals and in courtyard A or G in the International Terminal.

BART trains and SamTrans buses also connect San Francisco International Airport to Caltrain with a transfer at Millbrae station. Millbrae will also be the connection between SFO and California High-Speed Rail; the station will be renamed to Millbrae–SFO station on the High Speed Rail line to coincide with the dual functionality of the station.^[263]

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the airport provided free shuttle bus service to and from the South San Francisco Ferry Terminal, connecting with San Francisco Bay Ferry services from Alameda and Oakland.^[264]

Numerous door-to-door "shared ride" van and hotel courtesy shuttles stop at the center transportation island on the departure level, while Marin Airporter buses and limousines are on the arrivals/baggage claim level of the airport. Charter services are also available in the courtyards.

Car

The airport is located on U.S. Route 101, 13 miles (21 km) south of downtown San Francisco. It is near the US 101 interchange with Interstate 380, a short freeway that connects US 101 with Interstate 280. Short term parking is located in the central terminal area and two international terminal garages. Long term parking is located on South Airport Blvd. and San Bruno Ave.^[265]

Passengers can also park long-term at a select number of BART stations that have parking lots, with a permit purchased online in advance.^[266]

Taxi

Taxis depart from designated taxi zones located at the roadway center islands, on the Arrivals/Baggage Claim Level of all terminals.^[267]

Ride app services such as Uber and Lyft are available via their respective mobile app. The designated ride app pickup area for domestic terminals is on the fifth floor of the adjacent garage. The designated pickup area for the International Terminal is on the Departures/Check-In Level roadway center island.

On-Site Hotel

In October 2019, Hyatt Hotels opened a 351-room Grand Hyatt-branded hotel next to the International Terminal and connected to the AirTrain.^[277]

Wag Brigade

On December 3, 2013, SFO launched a "Wag Brigade" program to bring a pack of trained therapy dogs to the terminals to calm nervous fliers and make passenger travel more enjoyable. In 2016, Lilou, a Juliana-breed therapy pig joined the Wag Brigade. Carefully selected for their temperament and airport suitability, the comfort canines wear vests that read "Pet Me!" which identify them.^[278]