Sanguine (/ˈsæŋɡwɪn/) or red chalk is chalk of a reddish-brown color, so called because it resembles the color of dried blood. It has been popular for centuries for drawing (where white chalk only works on colored paper). The word comes via French from the Italian sanguigna and originally from the Latin "sanguis".

Sanguine lends itself naturally to sketches, life drawings, and rustic scenes. It is ideal for rendering modeling and volume, and human flesh. In the form of wood-cased pencils and manufactured sticks, sanguine may be used similarly to charcoal and pastel. As with pastel, a mid-toned paper may be put to good use. A fixative may be applied to preserve the finished state of the drawing. The pigment used in sanguine sticks comes from red earths such as red ochre.^[1] Sanguines are also available in several other tones such as orange, tan, brown, beige.

• Rembrandt van Rijn, Self-Portrait, c. 1637. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
• French sanguine drawing; relatively unusual in fully coloring the background
• Leonardo da Vinci self-portrait in sanguine
• Italian sanguine drawing of a male nude, 18th century

• Conté
• Trois crayons