The origin of the colour seems to date back to 20 June 1366 when Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy, before leaving for a crusade commissioned by Pope Urban V and organised to help the Byzantine emperor John V Palaiologos, cousin of a maternal part of the Savoy Count, wanted that on the flagship of the fleet of 17 ships and 2,000 men, a galley of Republic of Venice, waved, next to the red-crusading silver banner of the Savoys, a blue flag:[2]
[...] of devotion of Azure Banner with the image of Our Lady in the field sown with stars (gold). And that colour of sky consecrated to Mary is, as far as it seems to me, the origin of our national colour [...][lower-alpha 1]
The colour therefore has a Marian implication, bearing in mind that there is also the possibility that the use of a blue banner by the Savoys started earlier.[4] In any case the oldest documented Savoy flags, dating back to 1589, have the colours red, white (or the colours of the coat of arms of the dynasty) and blue.[5] The latter colour acquired over time prevalence until it became the Italian national colour.
Use
Referring to the Marian devotions, the ribbons of the Order of the Annunciation (the greatest Savoyard knight sign, transplanted also in the kingdom of Italy), were blue; blues, also in the Republican era, are also the ribbons of the decorations of military valour (gold, silver, bronze medal and the war cross).[6]
Later, even for the officers, a blue scarf was provided in the outfit, dressed as a neck-band passing over the right shoulder and knotted on the left side. In 1572 this use was made obligatory for all the officers by Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy.[6] Through various transformations, the Savoy blue scarf is still the main rank of the Italian armed forces' officers, who dress it both in ceremonial services and, sometimes, on guard.[6]
There is no univocal colour coding of the blue links, so that the shade of blue is historically varied over time both within the same national team and, for example, in the same historical era between national teams of different disciplines.[10]
Other shades of colour
More information Color coordinates, Hex triplet ...
[…] di devozione di Zendado Azzurro con l'immagine di Nostra Signora in campo seminato di stelle (oro). E quel colore di cielo consacrato a Maria è, per quanto a me pare, l’origine del nostro color nazionale […][3]
Except in motor sports, where the color assigned to Italy is traditionally the racing red, and in other disciplines such as cycling and winter sports, which often make use of white.
Gerbaix de Sonnaz, Carlo Alberto (1911). Bandiere stendardi e vessilli di Casa Savoia, dai Conti di Moriana ai Re d'Italia (1200-1861) (in Italian). Tipografia S. Giuseppe degli artigianelli.
Grossmann, Maria (1988). Colori e lessico: studi sulla struttura semantica degli aggettivi di colore in catalano, castigliano, italiano, romeno, latino ed ungherese (in Italian). Gunter Narr Verlag. ISBN3-87808-370-X.
Martinelli, Alessandro (February 2006). "L'azzurro italiano". Vexilla Italica (62). Centro Italiano Studi Vessillologici.
Marchesini, Daniele (1999). Gli italiani e il Tricolore. Patriottismo, identità nazionale e fratture sociali lungo due secoli di storia (in Italian). Il Mulino. ISBN88-15-07163-6.
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