The Selective Service Act of 1948, also known as the Elston Act, was a United States federal law enacted June 24, 1948, that established the current implementation of the Selective Service System.

The previous iteration of the Selective Service System was established by the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940. After two extensions, the Selective Training and Service Act was allowed to expire on March 31, 1947. In 1948, it was replaced by a new and distinct Selective Service System established by this Act. The Selective Service Act of 1948 was originally intended to remain in effect for two years (i.e., until June 24, 1950), but was extended multiple times, usually immediately before its two-year period of effectiveness was due to expire. Provisions of the law relating to the authority to induct men into the military expired on July 1, 1973. Amendments, extensions, and changes of name to the act since 1948 include:

• Extended until July 9, 1950, by Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 81–572, 64 Stat. 254, enacted June 23, 1950
• Extended until July 9, 1951, by Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 81–599, 64 Stat. 318, enacted June 30, 1950
• Change of name to the Universal Military Training and Service Act and extended until July 1, 1953, by Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 82–51, 65 Stat. 75, enacted June 19, 1951
• Amended by Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 82–461, 66 Stat. 440, enacted July 7, 1952
• Extended until July 1, 1955, by Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 83–84, 67 Stat. 86, enacted June 29, 1953
• Extended until July 1, 1959, by Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 84–118, 69 Stat. 223, enacted June 30, 1955
• Amended by Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 84–146, 69 Stat. 295, enacted July 12, 1955
• Amended by Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 84–665, 70 Stat. 509, enacted July 9, 1956
• Amended by Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 85–62, 71 Stat. 206, enacted June 26, 1957
• Amended by Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 85–564, 72 Stat. 424, enacted July 28, 1958
• Extended until July 1, 1963, by Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 86–4, 73 Stat. 13, enacted March 23, 1959
• Amended by Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 86–632, 74 Stat. 467, enacted July 12, 1960
• Amended by Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 87–391, 75 Stat. 821, enacted October 4, 1961
• Amended by Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 87–536, 76 Stat. 167, enacted July 18, 1962
• Extended until July 1, 1967, by Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 88–2, 77 Stat. 4, enacted March 28, 1963
• Amended by Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 88–110, 77 Stat. 134, enacted September 3, 1963
• Amended by Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 88–360, 78 Stat. 296, enacted July 7, 1964
• Amended by Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–152, 79 Stat. 586, enacted August 30, 1965
• Change of name to the Military Selective Service Act of 1967 and extension until July 1, 1971, by Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 90–40, 81 Stat. 100, enacted June 30, 1967
• Amended by Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 90–491, 82 Stat. 790, enacted August 17, 1968
• Amended by Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 91–124, 83 Stat. 220, enacted November 26, 1969
• Change of name to the Military Selective Service Act and extension until July 1, 1973, by Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 92–129, 85 Stat. 348, enacted September 28, 1971

In 2019, U.S. District Court in Southern Texas Judge Gray Miller ruled in National Coalition for Men v. Selective Service System that exempting women from the male-only draft was unconstitutional.^[1] This ruling was later reversed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit,^[2][3] and the Supreme Court of the United States declined to hear the case.^[4]

• Selective Service System
• Conscription in the United States