Seoul_Subway_Line_9

Seoul Subway Line 9

Seoul Subway Line 9

Subway line in Seoul, South Korea

Seoul Subway Line 9, operated by Seoul Line9 Operation, is a subway line in Seoul, part of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway. The line runs east from Gaehwa station (local train terminal) or Gimpo International Airport station (express train terminal, connecting to Line 5, AREX, the Gimpo Goldline and the Seohae Line) along the south bank of the Han River towards VHS Medical Center in Gangdong. In 2019, Line 9 had an annual ridership of 225 million or about 616,000 people per day.[1]

Quick Facts Line 9, Overview ...

Line 9 was constructed as a double track subway, but several stations feature passing loops enabling express trains to overtake local trains. Express trains run around five times per hour in each direction. All stations are equipped with elevators, escalators, and platform screen doors.

Phase 1 (Gaewha to Sinnonhyeon) was the first privately run subway line in Korea. The franchisee of phase 1 is Seoul Metro Line 9 Corporation (SML9), which oversaw the construction of phase 1. SML9 contracted the operation to Seoul Line9 (SL9), a joint venture of Hyundai Rotem (20%) and RATP Dev Transdev Asia (80%, formerly Veolia Transport Korea).[2] Collectively, SLM9 and SL9 are known as Metro9. However, phase 2 (Sinnonhyeon to Sports Complex) and further phases are operated by Seoul Metro.

History

Line 9 was one of the lines first discussed as part of Seoul's 3rd phase of subway construction in 1991. In 1993, Seoul announced a plan for new construction of subway lines 9~12 and the extension of subway line 3. Construction of the 3rd phase was delayed by the 1995 Daegu explosions, funding issues, the 1997 financial crisis and a 1998 review of the plan that reduced the scope of the 3rd phase. In 2001, the city passed the feasibility study and execution designs for line 9 and confirmed the commencement of construction.[3]

Construction of Phase 1 between Gaehwa and Sinnonhyeon began in April 2002. Originally scheduled to open on June 12, 2009, the line opened on July 24, 2009, to ensure that the line was fully ready to begin service.[4] Line 9 opened with 24 four-car trains numbered 9-01~9–24; the express service ran every 20 minutes and the local service every 6.7 minutes.

Due to increasing ridership (numbers soon exceeded 250,000 per day), 12 additional four-car trains were ordered to alleviate capacity constraints.[5] These trains, numbered 9–25~9–36, entered service on October 15, 2011. This allowed for the express service headway to be shortened to 10 minutes and the local service headway to 5 minutes. On September 30, 2013, additional express trains were added during commuting times of 7 to 9 AM (from 22 to 36), further reducing the headway.[6]

Phase 2 extended the line from Sinnonhyeon in Gangnam to Sports Complex station (Seoul) on Line 2, and was opened on March 28, 2015. Phase 3 further extended the line to VHS Medical Center Station in eastern Seoul,[7] and was opened on December 1, 2018. The following workdays saw a 6.4% increase in passengers, roughly 145,000 people, as the line now services a larger area to the east.[8]

Due to severe capacity issues on the express service due to increasing ridership, express trains were gradually lengthened to six cars starting on December 30, 2017.[9] Non-express trains were also expanded to six-car trains by the end of 2019. An additional three trains were expected to be delivered by the end of 2019, but have not been delivered as of January 2020.[8]

Future

The line is expected to be extended four stops north to Saemteo Park in Gangdong. One of the stations will provide another transfer to Seoul Subway Line 5 at Godeok.

The Korean government initially proposed a one-seat ride from Incheon International Airport to Gangnam via Gimpo International Airport using either Line 9 or Airport Railroad trains sharing their rights of way by the year 2023.[7] This proposal so far has not been implemented thus making it necessary to transfer trains at Gimpo International Airport.

Ticket price debate

Negotiations in 2005 between the operator and the Seoul city government resulted in an agreement of a basic fare rate set at 1,264 won upon opening of the line in 2009 with a further increase to 1,398 won by 2012 to allow for inflation. Prior to opening of the line, the operator requested a base rate of 1,300 won. The city government decided against this by citing a domestic financial crisis and potential complaints from riders if the price was set at a higher rate than the rest of the subway system. The city therefore set the initial ticket fare at 900 won, the standard fare for entrance to the rest of the Seoul subway system in 2009. The rate was locked for a period of 12 months and was later locked for three years despite multiple requests from the operator for a higher starting fare.[10]

In February 2012, the price increased to 1,050 won across all metro lines, including Line 9. Within two months, Metro9, the operator of Line 9, announced the price would further increase another 500 won starting from June 16, 2012 on only Line 9. The Seoul city government disagreed with this and threatened to fine Metro9 10 million won per day if the 500 won price increase occurred.[11][12][13] The planned rate increase was withdrawn on May 9, and Metro9 issued an apology. Seoul City will be in negotiations again with the help of legal counsel to determine the differences of opinions in the original agreement.[14] Currently, an additional scan of a metro card transfers in between Line 9 and other Seoul subway lines does not accrue additional fees.

Construction costs and deficit

The construction of Phase 1 cost 900 billion won (roughly equivalent to 827 million US dollars),[15] 480 billion of which was pooled between 12 firms with the remaining borne by Seoul city and the national government. By 2012, the line was operating at a loss with 90% of losses being covered by the city.[16] The accumulated deficit has passed 180 billion won.[11]

While Phase 2 was always planned to go ahead as scheduled, a Seoul Metropolitan Government website at one point described construction of Phase 3 as being suspended in consideration of transport demand and financial considerations.[17] On November 20, 2008, the Seoul Metropolitan government announced plans to build Phase 3 between October 2010 and December 2015.[18]

Stations

Express trains stop at stations marked "●" and pass stations marked "|". There is no express service at stations filled in black on the "EX" column.

All stations are in Seoul.

More information StationNumber, Station name ...

See also

References

  1. [1]
    "서울시 지하철수송 통계". data.seoul.go.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 2021-05-21.
  2. [2]
    "Veolia Transport to operate Line 9 of the Seoul subway system, starting July 2009". United States Securities and Exchange Commission. March 7, 2007. Retrieved 2014-08-19.
  3. [3]
    Kim, Dr. Seung-Jun; Ko, Dr. Joon-Ho. "Introduction of Rapid Urban Railway System – Construction of Subway Line 9" (PDF). Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  4. [4]
    "Subway Line 9 to Open Friday". Korea Times. July 20, 2009. Retrieved 2013-07-12.
  5. [5]
    "9호선 전동차 추가 도입" (in Korean). Munhwa Ilbo. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
  6. [6]
    이, 광철 (11 September 2013). "'출근 지옥철' 9호선 급행열차 운행 늘려". Daum 뉴스 (in Korean).
  7. [7]
    Lee, Hyun-jeong (2015-05-26). "Incheon airport subway links to be extended". The Korea Herald. Retrieved 2016-05-30.
  8. [8]
    Lee, Suh-yoon (4 December 2018). "Line 9 extension fans overcrowding fears". The Korea Times. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  9. [9]
    "9호선 '6량열차' 운행시작…하루 총 52회" (in Korean). Seoul Metropolitan Government. 29 December 2017.
  10. [10]
    PARK, Jinyoung; MUN, Jinsu (2014). "Chapter 3: Issues and Improvement Efforts of Railway PPP Projects in Korea". In KIM, Gunyoung; MOORE, Richard (eds.). Korea's Railway PPP (Public-Private Partnership) Projects. KOTI Knowledge Sharing Report book series. Vol. 11. South Korea: The Korea Transport Institute. pp. 52–54. ISBN 978-89-5503-658-9.
  11. [11]
    Kim, Rahn (April 15, 2012). "Seoul City in feud with subway operator over fare hike". Korea Times. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
  12. [12]
    Bae, Ji-sook (April 16, 2012). "Seoul City, subway operator feud over fares". The Korea Herald. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
  13. [13]
    "Fare Hike Planned for Seoul's Subway Line No 9". Arirang. April 16, 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
  14. [14]
    Rahn, Kim (May 9, 2012). "Subway line 9 operator drops fare hike plan". The Korea Times. Retrieved 2012-05-15.
  15. [15]
    "The Currency Converter". Coinmill.com. Retrieved 2015-02-09.
  16. [16]
    "[Editorial] Subway Line No. 9". The Korea Herald. April 16, 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
  17. [17]
    "Vision Seoul 2016". Seoul Metropolitan Government. Archived from the original on December 24, 2004. Retrieved September 10, 2005.
  18. [18]
    Han, Woojin. "서울도시철도 9호선 (2, 3단계)". 미래철도 (in Korean).
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