Asia

The Asian continent is marked phonetically 亞細亞 (Modern Pinyin Yàxìyà, Middle Chinese Aseja). This is the area of the map where most information can be found, and has been subdivided here by regions:

Europe

Europe is marked phonetically as 歐羅巴 (Modern Pinyin Ōuluóbā, Middle Chinese Oulapa).

• France (佛郎察, Fólǎngchá)
• "More than thirty countries" (三十餘國, sānshí yú gúo)
• Greenland (臥蘭的亞, Wòlándìyà from Latin 'Groenlandia')

Europe is surrounded by the "Greater Western Ocean" (大西洋, Dà Xī Yáng, a body of water formerly located east of Rome and conflated with the Indian Ocean but now appropriately placed in the Atlantic), the Mediterranean (地中海, Dìzhōng Hǎi), and the Black Sea (太海, Tài Hǎi, lit. "Great Sea").^[6]

North America

North America is marked as "北亞墨利加" (Modern Pinyin Běi Yàmèilìjiā, Middle Chinese Pok Amoklika). The only location is marked phonetically and is unknown:

• "Angwayma" (亞外媽, Yàwàimā)

Another two unknown locations are on an island to America's northeast, possibly the inhabited southwest coast of Greenland:

• "Cold River" (寒河, Hán Hé)
• "Fragrant Peak" (香峯, Xiāngfēng)

The Gulf of California is marked as the "Eastern Red Sea" (東紅海, Dōng Hóng Hǎi) and the "Ice Sea" continues across the north.

South America

South America is marked as "南亞墨利加" (Modern Pinyin Nán Yàmèilìjiā, Middle Chinese Nom Amoklika).

• "Land of the Cannibals" (食人國, Shírén Guó)
• Rio de la Plata (銀河, Yín Hé)

Surrounding it are the Atlantic Ocean (marked as "Oceano" 河摺亞諾滄, Hézhéyànuò Cāng) to the northeast, the "Sea of Peru" (白露海, Bólù Hǎi) to the west, and the "Greater Eastern Ocean" (大東洋, Dà Dōng Yáng).

Libya

Following classical geography, the continent of Africa is marked phonetically as "Libya" (利未亞, Lìwèiyà).

• Atlas Mountains (described as 天下此山至高, Tiānxià cǐ shān zhìgāo, "The highest mountain under Heaven")

Africa is surrounded by several seas. From the north, clockwise: the Mediterranean; the "Lesser Western Ocean" (小西洋, Xiǎo Xī Yáng) in the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea; the Red Sea, called the "Western Red Sea" (西紅海, Xī Hóng Hǎi) to distinguish it from the Gulf of California); the western Indian Ocean, called the "Arabian Sea" (亞蠟皮海, Modern Pinyin Yàlàpí Hǎi, Middle Chinese Alapbie Hoy); the Gulf of Guinea, called the "Libyan Sea" (利未亞海, Lìwèiyà Hǎi); and the Atlantic Ocean (again marked as "Oceano" 河摺亞諾滄, Hézhéyànuò Cāng).

Magallania

The still-uncertain Terra Australis – today Australia, Antarctica, New Zealand, and other islands – is marked phonetically as 墨瓦臘泥加 (Modern Pinyin Mèiwǎlàníjiā, Middle Chinese Mokngwalapneka). This transliterates the name "Magallanica", a name given to the prospective continent at the time in honor of Ferdinand Magellan, who had crossed past Tierra del Fuego and shown the southern continent (hypothesized since Ptolemy) to be separate from South America.

The map notes how little is known about this continent – "Few have reached these southern regions. Things are not explored yet" (此南方地人至者少, 未審其物) – but also includes more placenames in it than in Africa, America, or Europe:

• "White Peak" (白峯, Bái Fēng)
• "Great River" (大江, Dà Jiāng)
• Tierra del Fuego (火地, Huǒdì lit. "Place of Fire")
• Antarctica (南極界, Nánjíjiè, lit. "Antarctic Region")
• New Guinea (新入匿, Xīn Rùnì)
• "Place of Parrots" (鸚哥地, generally taken as Australia from a later name but originally referring to a location south of Africa, possibly Madagascar^[7])