Shatkora
Citrus macroptera
Citrus fruit and plant
Citrus macroptera, natively known as hatkhora or (Sylheti: ꠢꠣꠔꠇꠞꠣ, [ɦat̪xɔɾa]) cabuyao,[2] Melanesian papeda,[1] or wild orange,[3] is a semi-wild species of citrus native to the Sylhet region (South Asia) of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley Division of the Indian state of Assam.
| Citrus macroptera | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Rutaceae |
| Genus: | Citrus |
| Species: | C. macroptera |
| Binomial name | |
| Citrus macroptera | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Some authorities consider C. macroptera to be a taxonomic synonym of C. hystrix (kaffir lime),[4] while others consider C. macroptera var. annamensis to be a synonym of C. hystrix, but not C. macroptera var. macroptera.[5]
Citrus macroptera is so-named because of the large "wings" (-ptera) on the petiole, which is as large as the blade of the leaf.[3] The tree, which has thorns, can reach 5 m (16 ft) in height. Its fruit is about 6–7 cm (2+1⁄2–3 in) in diameter, has a fairly smooth, moderately thick rind, and is yellow when ripe. The pulp of the fruit is greenish-yellow and dry (does not produce much juice). The juice is very bitter, and somewhat sour.[3]
The species is sometimes divided into four varieties, or alternatively into three separate species, as follows:[5]
Citrus macroptera is cultivated on a small scale in home gardens in the northeast Indian states of Mizoram, Tripura, and Meghalaya, where its fruit is used for various purposes.[6] A cultivar of C. macroptera var. annamensis is grown in the Sylhet Division of northeastern Bangladesh.[7]
Citrus macroptera is also commercially cultivated in South Africa, Spain, and Tonga. In Spain the plant serves as a rootstock for other Citrus species.[2]
Culinary uses
In Bangladesh, especially Sylhet, the thick fleshy rind of Citrus macroptera is eaten as a vegetable, while the pulp is usually discarded because of its bitter-sour taste. The thick rind is cut into small pieces and cooked (either green or ripe) in beef, mutton, and fish curries, it is also used in Dal. The rind is often sun-dried for later cooking and consumption. The fruit is also pickled.
Perfumery
The oil of the annamensis cultivar is used in the perfume industry.[7]
- Bangladeshi cuisine
- Beef Hatkora
- Citrus latipes a similar-looking species native to Northeast India
- "Citrus macroptera". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
- Peter Hanelt (ed.) 2001 Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops (except ornamentals), first English edition. Springer. in Google Books
- "TPL, treatment of Citrus hystrix DC". The Plant List; Version 1. (published on the internet). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2010. Retrieved March 9, 2013.
- S. K. Malik; Susheel Kumar; I. P. Singh; O. P. Dhariwal; Rekha Chaudhury (June 2013). "Socio-economic importance, domestication trends and in situ conservation of wild Citrus species of Northeast India". Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 60 (5): 1660. doi:10.1007/s10722-012-9948-x.
- M. N. Miah; Sahina Islam; Syed Hadiuzzaman (2002). "Regeneration of Plantlets Through Somatic Embryogenesis from Nucellus Tissue of Citrus macroptera Mont. var. anammensis ('Sat Kara')" (PDF). Plant Tissue Culture. 12 (2): 167.
- USDA PLANTS profile Archived 2013-05-11 at the Wayback Machine