Capacity of a material or structure to resist failure while under shear stress
In engineering, shear strength is the strength of a material or component against the type of yield or structural failure when the material or component fails in shear. A shear load is a force that tends to produce a sliding failure on a material along a plane that is parallel to the direction of the force. When a paper is cut with scissors, the paper fails in shear.
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Average shear stress can also be defined as the total force of as
This is only the average stress, actual stress distribution is not uniform. In real world applications, this equation only gives an approximation and the maximum shear stress would be higher. Stress is not often equally distributed across a part so the shear strength would need to be higher to account for the estimate.[2]
Comparison
As a very rough guide relating tensile, yield, and shear strengths:[3]
More information Material, Ultimate Strength Relationship ...
There are no published standard values for shear strength like with tensile and yield strength. Instead, it is common for it to be estimated as 60% of the ultimate tensile strength. Shear strength can be measured by a torsion test where it is equal to their torsional strength.[4][5]
More information Material, Ultimate stress (Ksi) ...
When values measured from physical samples are desired, a number of testing standards are available, covering different material categories and testing conditions. In the US, ASTM standards for measuring shear strength include ASTM B769, B831, D732, D4255, D5379, and D7078. Internationally, ISO testing standards for shear strength include ISO 3597, 12579, and 14130.[7]
S. Grynko, "Material Properties Explained" (2012), ISBN1-4700-7991-7, p. 38.
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