Singaporean_general_election,_2015

2015 Singaporean general election

2015 Singaporean general election

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General elections were held in Singapore on Friday, 11 September 2015 to elect 89 members of Parliament. The outgoing Parliament had been dissolved and the general election called by President Tony Tan on 25 August, on the advice of Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong.[1] The elections were for the 13th Parliament since independence in 1965, using the first-past-the-post electoral system.

Quick Facts All 89 directly elected seats in Parliament (and up to 9 NCMPs), Registered ...

The elections were the first since independence in which all seats were contested.[2] Most of the seats were contested between two parties, with the only three-cornered fights occurring in three Single Member Constituencies.[3] The elections were also the first after the March 2015 death of Lee Kuan Yew (the nation's first prime minister and an MP until his death) and Singapore's 50th anniversary celebration on 9 August that year.[4][5]

Of the 89 seats, the People's Action Party (PAP) contested all and won 83, with the other six won by the Workers' Party (WP); the WP successfully retained their wards of Aljunied GRC and Hougang SMC, with Punggol East SMC being the only seat to change hands, as it was recaptured by PAP.[1] Voter turnout was 94%. PAP won its best results since 2001 with 70% of the popular vote, an increase of 10 percentage points from the previous elections in 2011. WP received 40% of the vote in the 28 seats it contested, a drop of 7pp.[6] In the overall popular vote, WP scored 12.48% and the remaining seven parties less than 4% each.[3] Three candidates failed to secure at least 12.5% of votes in their area and thus lost their electoral deposit.[7]

Background

The maximum term of a Singaporean parliament is five years, within which it must be dissolved by the President and elections held within three months, as stated in the Constitution.[8] As like the previous elections since 1959, voting is compulsory and results are based on the first-past-the-post system. Elections are conducted by the Elections Department, which is under the jurisdiction of the Prime Minister's Office.

The governing People's Action Party (PAP) has secured their 14th consecutive term in office since 1959. This was the PAP's third election with Lee Hsien Loong as its Secretary-General, and the country's first election after the passing of its founding Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew. Some analysts suggested that an early election to garner "sympathy votes" might backfire.[9][10] It was also the country's first election where there were no walkovers in any of the constituencies, as voting took place in Tanjong Pagar GRC for the first time.

The Returning Officer for this election was the chief executive director of the Energy Market Authority, Ng Wai Choong, taking over from Yam Ah Mee who had served in this role in the previous general election. He was also the first returning officer with a different announcement format on the results, with valid votes and rejected votes revealed as opposed to rejected votes and turnout in the past elections.[11]

Political parties

Main article: List of political parties in Singapore

The governing People's Action Party (PAP) has been in power since 1959 and is currently led by the Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong. The leading Opposition party is The Worker's Party, led by Low Thia Khiang, with 7 elected seats and 2 NCMP seats. The Singapore People's Party led by Chiam See Tong has 1 NCMP seat. A total of eight Opposition parties challenged the ruling party in this election.

More information Party, Abbreviation ...

Electoral divisions

Main article: List of Singaporean electoral divisions (2015–20)

The Electoral Boundaries Review Committee is convened before every general election to review electoral boundaries in view of population growth and shifts. The committee is appointed by the prime minister.

2011 2015
Seats
87
89
Electoral divisions
27
29
Group representation constituencies
15
16
Four-Member GRCs26
Five-Member GRCs118
Six-Member GRCs22
Single member constituencies
12
13
Voters
2,347,198
2,458,058
Voters (overseas votes inclusive)
2,350,873
2,462,926
Singapore electoral boundaries, released in July 2015

The electoral boundaries were published on 24 July 2015, with about one-fifth of the existing electorate having redistricted to new constituencies, and the number of seats increased to 89, up from 87 in the last election. [15][16] Bishan–Toa Payoh GRC's boundaries were changed for the first time ever since the formation in 1997, while Moulmein-Kallang GRC, which was created in the last election to take its place with Jalan Besar GRC, was removed. The election also saw the introduction of Marsiling-Yew Tee GRC due to the population growth in northern Singapore, specifically Woodlands and Yew Tee. Only two GRCs located in the North East CDC (Aljunied and Tampines) were untouched. The number of GRCs this election was 16, an increase by one from the last election.

In the SMCs, three constituencies (Bukit Batok, Fengshan and MacPherson) had reappeared from the political map for the first time since their last presence in 1991, 1988 and 2006, respectively. Only two of the SMCs (Hong Koh North and Sengkang West) had changes in the boundaries, while two former SMCs (Joo Chiat and Whampoa) were subsumed to their neighbouring GRCs. The number of SMCs this election was 13, an increase by one from the last election.

The changes of the GRCs boundaries (and any SMCs, if applicable), were as follows:

More information Name of GRC, Changes ...

Political developments

Following the preceding election, a presidential election was held three months after the parliamentary election. Former Deputy Prime Minister Tony Tan narrowly won the election by a plurality against three other candidates, including Tan Cheng Bock. Observers seen that the both elections in 2011 was "watershed" due to the divide between the ruling People's Action Party and the oppositions.[17][18][19]

In the aftermath of the general election, both Senior Ministers Lee Kuan Yew and Goh Chok Tong stepped down from the cabinet and become backbenchers citing renewal process, with the latter being conferred as "emeritus"; as a result the Senior Minister post would be vacant until 2019.[20][21] Former Foreign Minister George Yeo and cabinet minister Lim Hwee Hua subsequently retired from politics,[22][23] and the former also declined to contest in that year's presidential election.[24][25]

Opposition and extraparliamentary parties

Opposition parties had also seen several renewals, including Singapore Democratic Party where secretary-general Chee Soon Juan was formally discharged from bankruptcy by the court, rendering him eligible again to stand for elections for the first time since 2001.[26] Former SDP member Tan Jee Say and Ang Yong Guan formed its new Singaporeans First party.

National Solidarity Party secretary-general Goh Meng Seng subsequently resigned from the party after the election,[27][28] and formed its new People's Power Party early in 2015.[29] The application was approved officially in July 2015.[30] NSP had also met with several party changes including the introduction of Lim Tean who would later found People's Voice, while former NSP members such as Hazel Poa,[31] Nicole Seah and Jeanette Chong-Aruldoss joined another party ahead of the election.

Events in Singapore

The parliament had responded to the signals of the electorate and tweaked its policies to cool escalating housing prices, enhance transport services, reward the nation's elderly pioneers and impose a significant cut to the salaries of certain office-holders. 2013 had also met with several incidents, most notably the 2013 Southeast Asian haze, the Population White Paper,[32] the 2013 Little India riots,[33] and controversies surrounding Aljunied-Hougang Town Council.[34]: 22 

Towards the end of the term, founding Prime Minister of Singapore and member-of-parliament for Tanjong Pagar GRC Lee Kuan Yew died of pneumonia on 23 March 2015, about 60 years after serving the constituency.[35]

By-elections in Singapore

See also: By-elections in Singapore

A series of two by-elections within eight months were held during the term, marking it the first occurrence of such since 1992, with both involving a member-of-parliament vacating a SMC, both relating to the members having extramarital affairs occurring in 2012. On February 14, Hougang SMC MP Yaw Shin Leong was also expelled from the Workers' Party following the party's CEC decision to expel him on misconduct. Ten months later on December 12, Speaker of the Parliament of Singapore Michael Palmer resigned from all the posts and the party, and the MP for Punggol East SMC.

In both of the ensuing by-elections, the WP candidates, Png Eng Huat and Lee Li Lian, respectively won both the May and January by-elections, the latter also resulted in the first time since the 1981 Anson by-election where PAP lost a seat during the term. In a follow-up statement by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, he respected the results for both by-elections and encouraged alternative voices, as the by-election is meant to find a replacement of a constituency and not government.[36][37][38]

Timeline

More information Date, Event ...

Pre-nomination day events

Main article: Pre-election day events of the 2015 Singaporean general election § Pre-nomination day

Nomination centres

The Elections Department issued the following information upon the issuance of the writ of election[41]

  • Date: 1 September 2015
  • Time: 11:00 a.m. to 12.00 p.m.
  • Returning Officer: Ng Wai Choong
  • Election Deposit: S$14,500 (down from S$16,000 in 2011)
More information Nomination centre, Electoral division(s) ...
Nominations by various opposition parties as on nomination day on 1 September 2015. Banded shading indicates constituencies with three-cornered contests. Note that the People's Action Party is contesting in all seats.

Nomination day and campaigning events

Main article: Pre-election day events of the 2015 Singaporean general election § Nomination day and campaigning events

Campaigning began from 1 September and ended on 9 September to canvass votes through physical rallies and stream on various media platforms. A live debate was held on 1 September in English and Chinese channel platforms, followed by two party political broadcasts airing on 3 and 10 September. The eve of polling day, known as cooling-off day, prohibits party from campaigning except for party political broadcasts.

Outgoing incumbents and incoming candidates

Main article: Pre-election day events of the 2015 Singaporean general election § New candidates/Outgoing MPs

A total of 72 candidates made their political debut this election, among which the PAP team include a former Second Permanent Secretary,[42] a former MediaCorp television personality,[43] a former police assistant commissioner,[44] a founder of an organisation focusing animal welfare,[45] and a former Chief of Defence Force.[46][47] 14 MPs from the 12th Parliament stepped down this election, and one MP died during the term in office on 23 March this year, which is former Minister Mentor and first Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Kuan Yew,[48] who served the Tanjong Pagar division for a record 60 years, the longest tenure for any elected MPs.[49]

Results

Signs pointing to polling stations in Clementi, in Holland–Bukit Timah GRC

After polls closed at 8pm, vote counting began. Results were announced by Ng Wai Choong, chief executive director of the Energy Market Authority, who served as the Returning Officer for the election.[11] In an election's first, sample counts were released by the Elections Department to prevent speculation and misinformation from unofficial sources while counting is underway.[50] All sample counts were released by 10PM – two hours after polling ended. With the exception of Aljunied and Punggol East, where counts were within a 4% error margin, all other figures showed that PAP had comfortable leads in 26 electoral divisions, while WP led in one electoral division.

The first result was declared at 11.31pm on 11 September where PAP candidate Lam Pin Min won the Sengkang West Single Member Constituency with a majority of 17,564. The last result was declared at 3.10am on 12 September where Workers' Party team contesting Aljunied Group Representation Constituency, led by party's secretary-general Low Thia Khiang, won the constituency by a narrow margin of 1.9%/6.84°, or a majority of 2,612.

Contrary to expectations of a tougher contest with all constituencies being contested by the opposition parties, PAP won its best ever results since the 2001 general election, achieving a swing of 9.74% to achieve 69.86% of the vote as compared to the previous election in 2011 when it received 60.12%. The PAP unexpectedly reclaimed the constituency of Punggol East after it was lost to WP in a 2013 by-election, and achieved a swing in Aljunied GRC large enough to force a vote recount although the WP retained the constituency. In terms on swings, Potong Pasir Single Member Constituency has post its widest swing among all other Single Member Constituencies for this election, with 16.05%, while the largest swing for all contested constituencies was Bishan–Toa Payoh Group Representation Constituency, with 16.66%. This victory resulted in the end of a 31-year reign of Singapore People's Party as they failed to win at least a seat in Parliament (including NCMPs) for the first time, despite Potong Pasir was SPP's best performing constituency for the election. In terms on winning margins, 15 constituencies had winning percentages passing the National average, with Jurong GRC scored its best performing constituency result at 79.86%.

With six elected seats for WP, three seats for the Non-Constituency Member of Parliament were eligible to complete a minimum of nine opposition members; WP was qualified for all three seats by-virtue of being the top three losing performers for the election (the single member constituencies of Punggol East (later declined) and Fengshan, and one seat (later two) for the East Coast Group Representation Constituency), and thus WP had nine represented seats for the upcoming Parliament. Consequently, this was also the first time since 1986 only one opposition party (Singapore Democratic Party, at the time) represented the Parliament, and after the 1981's Anson's by-election where WP being the only opposition party to represent the Parliament alone, as none of the other seven opposition parties, including SPP and two independents, won contests.

A poll held by the Institute of Policy Studies among 2,000 voters found that 79 percent believed "The whole election system is fair to all political parties,” up from 61 percent in 2011.[51]

Voter turnout for the election was 93.7%, with 2,307,746 votes cast.

Popular vote

  PAP (69.86%)
  WP (12.48%)
  SDP (3.76%)
  NSP (3.53%)
  RP (2.63%)
  SingFirst (2.25%)
  SPP (2.17%)
  SDA (2.06%)
  PPP (1.13%)
  Independent (0.12%)

Seats

  83 seats (PAP) (93.26%)
  6 seats (WP) (6.74%)
More information Party, Votes ...

By constituency

More information Candidates and results of 2015 Singaporean general election, Division ...

Analysis

Top 14 PAP performers

  • Constituencies with no comparison to 2011 were either due to them being new constituencies or the constituencies experiencing walkovers in the last election.
More information #, Constituency ...

Top 15 opposition performers

  • Constituencies with no comparison to 2011 were either due to them being new constituencies or the constituencies experiencing walkovers in the last election.
More information #, Constituency ...

Vote Swings

  • Only the following constituencies may be compared with 2011 results as they existed in both elections, although most had changes in their electoral boundaries.
More information #, Constituency ...

Sample count accuracies

  • Vote counts below are for votes cast in Singapore only and exclude votes cast overseas.
More information #, Constituency ...

See also

Notes

    References

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