The Social Democratic Union of Macedonia (Macedonian: Социјалдемократски сојуз на Македонија – СДСМ, Socijaldemokratski sojuz na Makedonija – SDSM, Albanian: Lidhja socialdemokrate e Maqedonisë – LSDM) is a social-democratic^[3] political party, and the main centre-left^[4] party in North Macedonia.^[5] The party is considered pro-European.^[6]

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Social Democratic Union of Macedonia Социјалдемократски сојуз на Македонија Lidhja Socialdemokrate e Maqedonisë
Leader	Dimitar Kovačevski
Secretary-General	Mile Zečevic
Deputy Leader	Sanja Lukarevska
Founder	Branko Crvenkovski
Founded	April 20, 1991 (1991-04-20)
Preceded by	SKM
Headquarters	Bihaḱka 8, Skopje
Youth wing	Social Democratic Youth of Macedonia
Ideology	Social democracy[1]
Political position	Centre-left[2]
National affiliation	For a European Future
European affiliation	Party of European Socialists (associate)
International affiliation	Progressive Alliance
Colours	Red   White
Assembly	31 / 120
Mayors	16 / 81
Local councils	396 / 1,333
Skopje city council	12 / 45
Party flag
Website
sdsm.org.mk
Politics of North Macedonia Political parties Elections

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The Social Democratic Union of Macedonia was founded on 20 April 1991 at the 11th Congress of the League of Communists of Macedonia, when it was transformed into the SDSM. The Social Democratic Union of Macedonia is a member of the Progressive Alliance and an associate affiliate of the Party of European Socialists (PES). The party supported a practical solution to the Macedonian naming dispute with Greece, which succeeded under the Prespa Agreement.

The Social Democratic Union of Macedonia was established on 20 April 1991. Its roots can be traced to 1943 upon the formation of the Communist Party of Macedonia (KPM) during World War II in the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia. The KPM became the League of Communists of Macedonia in 1952 and was the ruling party of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia.

The party lost the 1998 elections, but at the 2002 Macedonian parliamentary election, the party became the biggest party, winning 60 out of 120 seats in the Assembly of North Macedonia as the largest party of the Together for Macedonia alliance, led by the SDSM and Liberal Democratic Party. Together for Macedonia ruled in coalition with the Democratic Union for Integration.

The longstanding former leader of the party was Branko Crvenkovski, who served as prime minister of Macedonia from 1992 to 1998 and from 2002 to 2004. Crvenkovski was then elected on the Social Democratic ticket to become President of North Macedonia a post that he held until May 2009. The Presidency was handed to Vlado Bučkovski, who was the party leader and Prime Minister until the 2006 Parliamentary elections. The SDSM is a member of the Progressive Alliance and an associate affiliate of the Party of European Socialists (PES). On 30 November 2005 one of the most prominent members of the SDSM, Tito Petkovski, who ran for president in 1999 and came in second place, left the party to form the New Social Democratic Party. This is the second major split from the SDSM, the first one being the 1993 split of Petar Gošev, who has established the Democratic Party.

At the parliamentary elections in North Macedonia held in 2008, the coalition Sun (of which SDSM was the leading party) was defeated, receiving 27 of the 120 seats. At the last local elections from 2009, the Social Democrats won in 8 out of 84 municipalities in the country.^[7] The Social Democratic Union of Macedonia is the second largest political party and the main opposition party in the country. In May 2009, after finishing the 5-year-term as President of North Macedonia, Branko Crvenkovski returned to the SDSM and was re-elected as leader of the party. He reorganized the party profoundly,^[8] but resigned after the party's defeat in the 2013 local elections. In June 2013, Zoran Zaev was elected as the new leader.

The party was defeated in the 2014 general elections by the VMRO–DPMNE, but the results were not recognized and the opposition parties boycotted the Parliament. From February to May 2015 Zaev released wiretapped material that incriminated Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski for illegally spying more than 20,000 citizens. In May, large protests including SDSM members began in Skopje. Large crowds gathered to protest on May 17, demanding resignation from Gruevski, who refused to step down and organized a pro-government rally the following day. The number of protesters was estimated to be more than 40,000. Zaev claimed the number of protesters reached 100,000, and said that some of them will remain there until Gruevski resigns. European Union diplomats offered to mediate a solution to the crisis. The political crisis was exceeded with the Pržino Agreement from July 2015, which obliged a transitional government with SDSM from November 2015, resignation from Gruevski in January 2016, and an early parliament elections on 11 December 2016. On the elections on 11 December 2016 the party won almost 440 000 and 49 MP which was the second best result in SDSM's history, after the result from 2002. In February 2017, Zaev began negotiations with junior partners to form parliament majority.

Prior to the 2020 parliamentary elections, the party rebranded, changing its logo to be similar to other European social-democratic parties, and changing its primary colour to red. After the disappointing results in the 2021 local elections in North Macedonia, Zoran Zaev stepped down as the party's president.^[9] On 12 December 2021, the party's internal leadership elections were held and the current deputy Finance Minister, Dimitar Kovačevski, was elected as the party's new president.^[10]

• Branko Crvenkovski (1991–2004)
• Vlado Bučkovski (2004–2006)
• Radmila Šekerinska (2006–2008)
• Zoran Zaev (2008–2009)
• Branko Crvenkovski (2009–2013)
• Zoran Zaev (2013–2021)
• Dimitar Kovačevski (2021–present)

• New Social Democratic Party