Southern Highlands is a province in Papua New Guinea. Its provincial capital is the town of Mendi. According to Papua New Guinea's national 2011 census, the total population of Southern Highlands (after the separation of Hela Province) is 515,511 spread across 15,089 square kilometers (5,826 sq mi).

This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: Information in this article has not yet been updated to take into account the effects of the creation of Hela Province. (January 2024)

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Southern Highlands Province Sauten Hailans (Tok Pisin) Saden Halens (Angal Dialect)
Southern Highlands Province
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Southern Highlands Province in Papua New Guinea
Coordinates: 6°10′S 143°20′E
Country	Papua New Guinea
Capital	Mendi
Districts	List Mendi-Munihu District District Imbonggu District Kagua-Erave District Ialibu-Pangia Nipa-Kutubu District
Government
• Governor	Suspended since 16 June 2018
Area
• Total	15,089 km2 (5,826 sq mi)
Population  (2011 census)
• Total	510,245
• Density	34/km2 (88/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+10 (AEST)
HDI (2018)	0.479[1] low · 21st of 22

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Southern Highlands has diversly more than 8 groups of people, the Kutubu Bosavi are partly of the Huli tribes and coastal, they speak Hela and the Foe Faso languages, the Erave Samberigi people also are of coastal or Papuan descent and speak their own, Poroma, Nipa and Plato speak the Nongo-Naiko dialect as of the Mendi people but in a twist of tongue, the people surrounding Mt Giluwe and Ialibu speak the Umbu-Ungu dialect while Pangia and Kagua people speak their two different languages. The Imboungu and parts of Ialibu people speak Kewabi languages. This shows that there are more than 8 major languages and 18-24 different tribes that live in SHP. Some tribes extends all the way to newly formed Hela province, Enga,Western Highlands Province, Gulf Province, Simbu Province and the Western Provinces.SHP is quite uniquely diverse in tribes and people of both coastal and Highlands descent living with their varying cultures and traditions passed down from generations to generations.

In July 2009, Parliament passed legislation to create two new provinces by 2012. One of these was to be created by removing the districts of Tari-Pori, Komo-Magarima, and Koroba-Kopiago from the Southern Highlands Province to form the new Hela Province.^[2] Hela Province officially came into being on 17 May 2012.^[3]

After the split of Hela, the province is divided into roughly three distinct geographic regions:

1. The West: which includes the Southern Highlands districts of Nipa, Mendi, Lai Valley, Imbogu (lower Mendi), Hela District of Magarima, Kutubu and part of Kendep (Enga Province), and is the home of the speakers of dialects of the Anggal Heneng language.
2. The East: which includes the districts of Kagua, Ialibu, Pangia and Erave, and is the home of the speakers of the Imbongu, Kewa, and Wiru languages, and home to the second highest mountain in Papua New Guinea, Mount Giluwe.
3. The Lowlands: which stretch across the southern part of the Southern Highlands province from the volcanic peaks of Mount Bosavi to include the oilfields of Lake Kutubu, and includes the language groups of Biami (shared with Western Province) Foe, and Fasu.

There are five districts in the province. Each district has one or more Local Level Government (LLG) areas. For census purposes, the LLG areas are subdivided into wards and those into census units.^[4][5][6]

The province was governed by a decentralised provincial administration, headed by a Premier, from 1978 to 1995. Following reforms taking effect that year, the national government reassumed some powers, and the role of Premier was replaced by a position of Governor, to be held by the winner of the province-wide seat in the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea.^[7][8]

The province and each district is represented by a Member of the National Parliament. There is one provincial electorate and each district is an open electorate.

On 1 August 2006, the government of Papua New Guinea declared a state of emergency in the country's Southern Highlands region. According to Prime Minister Sir Michael Somare, troops were deployed to restore 'law, order and good governance' in the region, following accusations of corruption, theft and misuse of government buildings at the hands of the regional government.^[9]

As a region rich in energy resources, the Southern Highlands was at the centre of plans to construct a gas pipeline to pump natural gas to Queensland in north Australia. The project would have resulted in much needed revenue for Papua New Guinea, and as it was believed that the instability in the region could jeopardise the project, the national government decided to intervene by declaring a state of emergency. The move was supported by Parliament, although some criticism was leveled at the government for restricting press access to the region while the state of emergency was in force. The companies involved subsequently opted for the current PNG Gas project which has export facilities outside Port Moresby. This is operated by Esso Highlands, a subsidiary of Exxon Mobil Corporation, and is expected to begin production in 2014.