A heating system is a mechanism for maintaining temperatures at an acceptable level; by using thermal energy within a home, office, or other dwelling. Typically, these systems are a crucial part of an HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) system. A heating system can be categorized into central heating system or distributed systems, depending on their design and method of heat distribution.

Central Heating Systems: These systems produce heat in one central location and distribute it throughout the building.

This category includes furnaces, boilers, and heat pumps.[1][2]

Distributed Heating Systems: These systems generate heat in the space they are to heat, without extensive duct systems. Examples include electric space heaters, fireplaces, and solar heating.^[3]

Heat Pumps: They can be used for heating and cooling, transferring heat using refrigerant and electricity, making them more efficient than other heating systems.^[4]

The efficiency of a heating system is typically measured by its AFUE (Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency) rating. Higher AFUE ratings indicate a more efficient furnace.^[5] Environmental impacts are a concern with heating systems, especially those that burn fossil fuels. The use of sustainable energy sources and energy-efficient systems is encouraged to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Advancements in heating technology focus on increasing energy efficiency and reducing environmental impact.^[6] Trends include the integration of smart home technology for better system control and the use of renewable energy sources like geothermal heating.

• Central heating
• HVAC
• Boiler
• Radiator
• Solar energy
• Heating plant