Medieval

The first record of a church at the site was from 1140, originally as a chapel of ease of the mother church at nearby Clifton-upon-Dunsmore, until Rugby became a parish in 1221, and the chapel was upgraded to a parish church. Nothing is thought to remain of the original church, as it is believed to have been sited some metres away from the later building. It was rebuilt on the present site in either the 13th or 14th century. The oldest surviving parts of the present church are the North aisle and the 72 ft (22 m) high West tower, which is unusual in that its appearance and construction bears strong resemblance to that of a castle tower, meaning it was likely built to serve a defensive as well as religious role. According to a local legend, the tower was built from stones from a castle at Rugby, which had been demolished on the orders of Henry II, who forbade private fortifications without royal approval, however there was no prohibition against fortified churches, and so the tower may have been constructed, nominally as an addition to the church, but in reality as a way to provide a place of defence, while still conforming to the statute. The West tower is usually dated to the 14th century, but was possibly built during the reign of Henry III (1216–1272), and is Rugby's oldest building. The church has other artefacts of medieval Rugby including the 13th-century parish chest, and a medieval font.^[2][3]

19th century expansion

In order to cater for the growing population of the town, the church was enlarged several times in 1797, 1814, and then again in 1830, becoming ever larger. This involved demolition of much of the older church and resulted in the loss of some 14th century wall paintings.^[3]

In the late 19th century, due to the dilapidation of the building, St Andrew's was extensively rebuilt on a much larger footprint to the designs of William Butterfield, retaining only the West tower and North nave arcade from the medieval church. The main works were carried out between 1877 and 1879, with further additions from 1895 to 1896, by Ewan Christian to Butterfield's original designs, including a new East tower, added in 1895 which has a spire 182 ft (55 m) high.^[1][4]

Very unusually, both of the church towers have ringable bells, the main peal of eight bells (all cast in 1896 by Mears & Stainbank, London) being located in the East tower, and the old peal of five bells (all cast in 1711 by Joseph Smith of Edgbaston) located in the West tower.^[5]

On 11 October 1949, the church was designated a grade II* listed building.^[1]