St Mary's Church, Penzance is a Grade II* listed parish church in the Church of England in Penzance, Cornwall.^[1]

The site as a place of worship dates from at least the fourteenth century, but was a chapel to the parish of Madron and first licensed in 1321. The chapel was spared during the Spanish raid in August 1595 because Mass had been celebrated, previously.^[2] Despite enlargements in 1662 to 1672, and 1782 it was severely overcrowded by 1824. At that time it served a population of circa 7000 and was still a chapel of ease to Madron, two miles inland.^[2]

The Reverend Thomas Vyvyan made arrangements to replace it with a new church designed by Charles Hutchens.^[3] The Clerk of Works was John Pope Vibert. £16,000 was raised, mainly from the church's own communion for the new building. A further £800 was raised for the organ, £800 for the bells and £300 for the carillon.^[4] The rebuilt church was consecrated by the Bishop of Exeter, Henry Phillpotts, on 6 September 1836.^[5] A separate parish of Penzance was created in 1871.^[1][3] The churchyard was extended on the southern side in 1883.^[6]

A gift of seventeen aloes by Mr Dorrien-Smith of Tresco, Isles of Scilly were planted in the churchyard in 1886.^[7]

Arson destroyed the interior of the church in April 1985 and two further arson attempts occurred in November 2018.^[1][3][8]

One of the bells from the previous church was installed in the temporary belfry of St John's Church in 1885. It cost £12 18s 9d when first installed in the steeple of St Mary's in 1667.^[9]

The first bell in the present church was inscribed ″PEACE AND GOOD NEIGHBOURHOOD, 1713 JP″ and was moved to St John's Hall in 1865 for use as a fire-bell. Eight new bells were installed that year at a cost of £950. Their size (diameter at mouth), weight and inscriptions are,

1. 30 inches (760 mm); 6cwt 3qrs 4lbs; ″PEACE AND GOOD NEIGHBOURHOOD A.D. 1865; TAYLOR AND CO., FOUNDERS″,
2. 30 inches (760 mm); 7cwt 0qrs 10lbs; ″TAYLOR AND CO., FOUNDERS, LOUGHBOROUGH A.D. 1835″,
3. 34 inches (860 mm); 8cwt 0qrs 10lbs; ″THE GIFT OF PHILIP HEDGELAND M.A., JAMES ALDRINGE DEVENISH, ASSISTANT CURATE, WALTER EDMUNDS, JUN., CHAPELWARDEN, SAMUEL YORK, SIDESMAN A.D. 1865, TAYLOR AND CO., FOUNDERS, LOUGHBOROUGH″,
4. 30 inches (760 mm); 8cwt 2qrs 10lbs; ″TAYLOR AND CO., FOUNDERS, LOUGHBOROUGH A.D., 1865″,
5. 38.5 inches (980 mm); 10cwt 1qrs 22lbs; ″THE GIFT OF CAROLINE AND ELIZABETH CATHERINE THOMAS CARNE A.D.1865″,
6. 40 inches (1,000 mm); 11cwt 1qrs 3lbs; ″TAYLOR AND CO., A.D. 1865″,
7. 44 inches (1,100 mm); 14cwt 2qrs 17lbs; ″THE GIFT OF THE CORPORATION. FRANCIS BOASE, MAYOR, A.D., 1865, J. TAYLOR AND CO., FOUNDERS, LOUGHBOROUGH, LATE OF OXFORD AND BUCKLAND BREWER, DEVON".
8. 50 inches (1,300 mm); 20cwt 2qrs 6lbs; ″BOLITHO 1865. J TAYLOR AND CO., FOUNDERS, LOUGHBOROUGH, LEICESTERSHIRE″.^[10]

A carillon, costing about £300 and paid for by public subscription, was installed as a memorial to the town clerk and ornithologist, Edward Hearle Rodd. The first to be erected in Cornwall, it was completed by Gillett, Bland & Co on 10 November 1880 and first played at 8.00 pm on Sunday, 28 November 1880. The carillon played fourteen tunes and a tune was played for two weeks, every four hours at 8 am, noon, 4 and 8 pm, midnight and 4 am. The carillon had two barrels and two hammers for each of the bells. The hammers did not interfere with the normal ringing of the eight bells by bell-ringers.^[10][11]

The organ contains casework dating from 1676 originally located in St Mary's Church, Oxford. The organ is by J. W. Walker & Sons Ltd and was moved here from Oxford in 1949. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register.^[12]