Sternorrhyncha

Sternorrhyncha

Sternorrhyncha

Order of true bugs

Quick Facts Scientific classification, Superfamilies ...

The Sternorrhyncha[1][2][3] suborder of the Hemiptera contains the aphids, whiteflies, and scale insects, groups which were traditionally included in the now-obsolete order "Homoptera". "Sternorrhyncha" refers to the rearward position of the mouthparts relative to the head.

Distributed worldwide, all members of this group are plant-feeders, many considered pests feeding on major crops and ornamental plants.

Many exhibit modified morphology and/or life cycles, including phenomena such as flightless morphs, parthenogenesis, sexual dimorphism, and eusociality.

Phylogeny

The phylogeny of the extant Sternorrhyncha, inferred from analysis of small subunit (18S) ribosomal RNA, is shown in the cladogram.[citation needed]

Sternorrhyncha

Psylloidea (jumping plant lice, etc.)

Aleyrodoidea (whiteflies)

Coccoidea (scale insects)

Aphidomorpha

Phylloxeroidea (phylloxera bugs)

Aphididae (aphids)

The evolutionary position of several fossil taxa are unclear. A suggested phylogeny is:[4][5]

†Pincombeomorpha

Boreoscytidae

Pincombeidae

Simulaphididae

Coccidomorpha

†Naibiomorpha

Dracaphididae

Naibiidae

Sinojuraphididae

Aphidomorpha

†Protopsyllidioidea

†Dinglomorpha

Aleyrodomorpha

Groups

Well-known groups in the Sternorrhyncha include:

References

  1. [1]
    "ITIS standard report - Sternorrhyncha". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 27 July 2014.
  2. [2]
    Grimaldi & Engel (2005) Evolution of the Insects 289-303.
  3. [3]
    Paraneoptera Species File (Version 5.0/5.0)
  4. [4]
    Drohojowska, Jowita; Szwedo, Jacek; Żyła, Dagmara; Huang, Di-Ying; Müller, Patrick (2020). "Fossils reshape the Sternorrhyncha evolutionary tree (Insecta, Hemiptera)". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 11390. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-68220-x. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7347605. PMID 32647332.
  5. [5]
    Szwedo, Jacek (2016). "The unity, diversity and conformity of bugs (Hemiptera) through time". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 107 (2–3): 109–128. doi:10.1017/S175569101700038X. ISSN 1755-6910. S2CID 134243346.
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