Streptophyta
Streptophyta
Clade consisting of the charophyte algae and land plants
| Streptophyta | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Clade: | Diaphoretickes |
| (unranked): | Archaeplastida |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Streptophyta Jeffrey 1967,[1] sensu Leliaert et al. 2012 |
| Subdivisions | |
| Synonyms | |
sister: chlorophyta | |
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (April 2024) |
Streptophyta (/strɛpˈtɒfɪtə, ˈstrɛptoʊfaɪtə/), informally the streptophytes (/ˈstrɛptəfaɪts/, from the Greek strepto 'twisted', for the morphology of the sperm of some members), is a clade of plants. The composition of the clade varies considerably between authors, but the definition employed here includes land plants and all green algae except the Chlorophyta and the more basal Prasinodermophyta.[4]
The composition of Streptophyta and similar groups (Streptophytina, Charophyta) varies in each classification.[5][citation needed] Some authors include only the Charales and Embryophyta (e.g., Streptophyta[1][6], Streptophytina Lewis & McCourt 2004)[3], others include more groups (e.g., Charophyta Lewis & McCourt 2004[3]; Karol et al. 2009[citation needed]; Adl et al. 2012[6], Streptophyta[7]; de Reviers 2002; Leliaert et al. 2012, Streptobionta Kenrick & Crane 1997[citation needed]; some authors use this broader definition, but exclude the Embryophyta, e.g., Charophyta[8] Leliaert et al. 2012[citation needed], Charophyceae Mattox & Stewart, 1984[citation needed], Streptophycophytes de Reviers, 2002[citation needed]).
The clade Streptophyta includes both unicellular and multicellular organisms. Streptophyta contains the freshwater charophyte green algae and all land plants that reproduce sexually by conjugation. Mesostigma viride, a unicellular green flagellate alga may be a basal Streptophyte.[9][10]
These earlier classifications have not taken into account that the Coleochaetophyceae and the Zygnemophyceae appear to have emerged in the Charophyceae + Embryophyta clade, resulting in the synonymy of the Phragmoplastophyta and Streptophytina/Streptophyta sensu stricto (a.k.a. Adl 2012[6]) nomenclature.[11]
Jeffrey, 1967[1]
- Streptophyta
Lewis & McCourt 2004[3]
- Division Charophyta (charophyte algae and embryophytes)
- Class Mesostigmatophyceae (mesostigmatophytes)
- Class Chlorokybophyceae (chlorokybophytes)
- Class Klebsormidiophyceae (klebsormidiophytes)
- Class Zygnemophyceae (conjugates)
- Order Zygnematales (filamentous conjugates and saccoderm desmids)
- Order Desmidiales (placoderm desmids)
- Class Coleochaetophyceae (coleochaetophytes)
- Order Coleochaetales
- Subdivision Streptophytina
- Class Charophyceae (same as the Smith system, 1938)
- Order Charales (charophytes sensu stricto)
- Class Embryophyceae (embryophytes)
- Class Charophyceae (same as the Smith system, 1938)
Leliaert et al. 2012
- Streptophyta
Adl et al. 2012[6]
- Archaeplastida Adl et al. 2005[citation needed]
- Chloroplastida Adl et al. 2005 (Viridiplantae Cavalier-Smith 1981)
- Chlorophyta Pascher 1914, emend. Lewis & McCourt 2004[3]
- Charophyta Migula 1897,[citation needed] emend. Karol et al. 2009 (Charophyceae Smith 1938, Mattox & Stewart 1984)
- Chlorokybus Geitler 1942[citation needed]
- Mesostigma Lauterborn 1894[citation needed]
- Klebsormidiophyceae van den Hoek et al. 1995[citation needed]
- Phragmoplastophyta Lecointre & Guyander 2006[citation needed]
- Zygnematophyceae van den Hoek et al. 1995, emend. Hall et al. 2009[citation needed]
- Coleochaetophyceae Jeffrey 1982[citation needed]
- Streptophyta Jeffrey 1967[1]
- Charophyceae Smith 1938, emend. Karol et al. 2009 (Charales Lindley 1836; Charophytae Engler 1887)[citation needed]
- Embryophyta Engler 1886, emend. Lewis & McCourt 2004[3] (Cormophyta Endlicher 1836; Plantae Haeckel 1866)[citation needed]
- Chloroplastida Adl et al. 2005 (Viridiplantae Cavalier-Smith 1981)
Adl et al. 2019
- Archaeplastida Adl et al. 2005[citation needed]
- Chloroplastida Adl et al. 2005[citation needed] (Viridiplantae Cavalier-Smith 1981)[citation needed]
- Phylum Streptophyta [Charophyta]
- Chlorokybus atmophyticus
- Mesostigma viridae
- Family Klebsomidiophyceae
- Class Phragmoplastophyta
- Family Zygnemataceae
- Order Coleochaetophyceae
- Family Characeae
- Kingdom Embryophyta
- Phylum Streptophyta [Charophyta]
- Chloroplastida Adl et al. 2005[citation needed] (Viridiplantae Cavalier-Smith 1981)[citation needed]
Below is a reconstruction of Streptophyta relationships, based on genomic data.[12][13][14]
| Streptophyta/ |
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| charophyta |
The newly found streptofilum appears to bring in a new branching[15]
| Streptophyta/ |
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| charophyta |
- Jeffrey C (1967). "The origin and differentiation of the Archegoniate land plants: A second contribution". Kew Bull. 21 (2): 335–349. doi:10.2307/4108533. JSTOR 4108533.
- Sluiman H. J. (1985). "A cladistic evaluation of the lower and higher green plants (Viridiplantae)". Plant Syst. Evol. 149 (3–4): 217–232. doi:10.1007/bf00983308. S2CID 19456207.
- Lewis L.A.; McCourt R.M. (October 2004). "Green algae and the origin of land plants". American Journal of Botany. 91 (10): 1535–1556. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535. PMID 21652308.
- Sánchez-Baracaldo, Patricia; Raven, John A.; Pisani, Davide; Knoll, Andrew H. (2017-09-12). "Early photosynthetic eukaryotes inhabited low-salinity habitats" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (37): E7737–E7745. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114E7737S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1620089114. PMC 5603991. PMID 28808007.
- "Die Schwestergruppe der Landpflanzen" [The sister group of land plants] (PDF). www.protisten.de (in German). Retrieved 7 November 2023.
- Adl, S.M.; Simpson, A.G.B.; Lane, C.E.; Lukeš, J.; Bass, D.; Bowser, S.S.; Brown, M.W.; Burki, F.; Dunthorn, M.; Hampl, V.; Heiss, A.; Hoppenrath, M.; Lara, E.; le Gall, L.; Lynn, D.H.; McManus, H.; Mitchell, E.A.D.; Mozley-Stanridge, S.E.; Parfrey, L.W.; Pawlowski, J.; Rueckert, S.; Shadwick, L.; Schoch, C.L.; Smirnov, A.; Spiegel, F.W. (2012). "The revised classification of Eukaryotes". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 59 (5): 429–514. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x. PMC 3483872. PMID 23020233.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Bremer, K. (1985). "Summary of green plant phylogeny and classification". Cladistics. 1: 369–385.
- Cavalier-Smith, T. (1993). "The origin, losses and gains of chloroplasts.". Origins of plastids. Springer US. pp. 291–348.
- Liang, Z; Geng, Y; Ji, C; Du, H; Wong, CE; Zhang, Q; Yu, H (2020). "Mesostigma viride genome and transcriptome provide insights into the origin and evolution of Streptophyta". Advanced Science. 7 (1). doi:10.1002/advs.2019018501901850.
- Nedelcu, AM; Borza, T; Lee, RW (2006). "A land plant–specific multigene family in the unicellular Mesostigma argues for its close relationship to Streptophyta". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 23 (5): 1011–1015. doi:10.1093/molbev/msj108.
- Lemieux, Claude; Otis, Christian; Turmel, Monique (2016). "Comparative Chloroplast Genome Analyses of Streptophyte Green Algae Uncover Major Structural Alterations in the Klebsormidiophyceae, Coleochaetophyceae and Zygnematophyceae". Frontiers in Plant Science. 7: 697. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00697. ISSN 1664-462X. PMC 4877394. PMID 27252715.
- Linzhou Li; Sibo Wang; Hongli Wang; Sunil Kumar Sahu; Birger Marin; Haoyuan Li; Yan Xu; Hongping Liang; Zhen Li; Shifeng Chen; Tanja Reder; Zehra Çebi; Sebastian Wittek; Morten Petersen; Barbara Melkonian; Hongli Du; Huanming Yang; Jian Wang; Gane Ka-Shu Wong; Xun Xu; Xin Liu; Yves Van de Peer; Michael Melkonian; Huan Liu (22 June 2020). "The genome of Prasinoderma coloniale unveils the existence of a third phylum within green plants". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 4 (9): 1220–1231. doi:10.1038/s41559-020-1221-7. PMC 7455551. PMID 32572216.
- Puttick, Mark N.; Morris, Jennifer L.; Williams, Tom A.; Cox, Cymon J.; Edwards, Dianne; Kenrick, Paul; Pressel, Silvia; Wellman, Charles H.; Schneider, Harald (2018). "The Interrelationships of Land Plants and the Nature of the Ancestral Embryophyte". Current Biology. 28 (5): 733–745.e2. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.063. hdl:1983/ad32d4da-6cb3-4ed6-add2-2415f81b46da. PMID 29456145.
- Sánchez-Baracaldo, Patricia; Raven, John A.; Pisani, Davide; Knoll, Andrew H. (2017-09-12). "Early photosynthetic eukaryotes inhabited low-salinity habitats" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (37): E7737–E7745. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114E7737S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1620089114. PMC 5603991. PMID 28808007.
- Glass, Sarah E.; McCourt, Richard M.; Gottschalk, Stephen D.; Lewis, Louise A.; Karol, Kenneth G. (2023-08-07). "Chloroplast genome evolution and phylogeny of the early‐diverging charophycean green algae with a focus on the Klebsormidiophyceae and Streptofilum". Journal of Phycology. doi:10.1111/jpy.13359. ISSN 0022-3646.