Suleyman_Pasha_(son_of_Orhan)
Süleyman Pasha (son of Orhan)
Son of Orhan Ghazi
Ghazi Süleyman Pasha (1306[1] – 1357) was an Ottoman prince, son of Sultan Orhan.
| Süleyman Bey | |
|---|---|
| Ghazi | |
Süleyman's türbe | |
| Born | 1306 |
| Died | 1357(1357-00-00) (aged 50–51) Bolayır |
| Burial | Süleyman Pasha's türbe, Bolayır |
| Consorts | Selçuk Hatun Gülbahar Hatun |
| Issue | Ishak Bey Nasir Melik Bey Ismail Bey Efendize Hatun Fülane Sultan Hatun |
| House | House of Osman |
| Father | Orhan |
| Mother | Efendize Hatun |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
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He played a major role in early Ottoman expansion into Thrace in the 1350s. He was Orhan's eldest son and his favorite and, until his death due to a hunting accident, his heir presumptive[1].
Traditional Ottoman historiography wrote that Süleyman Pasha's mother was Nilüfer Hatun, who was also the mother of Murad I. This has been refuted by modern historiography:[2][3] Süleyman's mother was actually the consort Efendize Hatun, while Nilüfer entered the harem in 1325, twenty years after Süleyman's birth.[1][4] Efendize was Orhan's cousin, the daughter of his uncle Gündüz Bey.[5]
Süleyman Pasha was a great warrior, so much so that he deserved the title Ghazi.[6][7]
He was one of Orhan's main generals, especially in Thrace, and became known as the "Conqueror of Rumelia".[6][7]
He conquered Iznik (Nicaea) in 1331, Karesioğulları in 1335, and Izmit (Nicomedia) in 1337. His father appointed him governor of all his conquests. Between 1349 and 1354 he conquered Gallipoli and its region. He failed in the siege of Sofia, but he killed its governor Ivan Asen, son of tsar Ivan Alexander.[6][7]
In 1355 he crossed the Dardanelles and conquered parts of Rumelia, where he created a nucleus of Ottoman settlements which were then exploited as a base for future conquests. In the same year, he killed a second son of Ivan Alexander, Michael.[6][7]
He died in 1357, due to a fall from his horse while hunting with falcon between Bolayır and Seydikavağı.[8] His father had him buried in Bolayır, even though Süleyman had already had a mausoleum built in Yenişehir, near Bursa.[8]
He is also remembered for his religious and charitable constructions in the territories he administered: he built mosques, madrasas, caravanserais and schools in Bursa, Göynük, Geyve, Akyazı, İzmit, İznik and Gelibolu.[7]
Consorts
Süleyman Pasha had two known consorts:[9]
- Selçuk Hatun, daughter of Seyyid Hüseyin Çelebi.
- Gülbahar Hatun, daughter of Sorum Bayezid.
Sons
Süleyman Pasha had at least three sons:[9]
- Ishak Bey, Rumelia's bey.
- Melik Nasir Bey, drowned in the sea near Bolayır.
- Ismail Bey, Rumelia's bey.
Daughters
Süleyman Pasha had at least two daughters:[9]
- Efendize Hatun (died in July 1397, buried in Akşehir, Imaret Cami's cemetery).
- Fülane Sultan Hatun (died in 1395, buried at Sinop), married a member of Candar dynasty, Candaroğlu Süleyman Pasha, and was mother of Mubariz al-Din Isfendiyar Bey. She had also a daughter who married Murad I, Süleyman's younger half-brother.
- Peirce, Leslie P. (1993). The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. pp. 34–35. ISBN 978-0-19-508677-5.
- Kafadar, Cemal (2002). Between two worlds: the construction of the Ottoman state (Nachdr. ed.). Berkeley, Calif.: Univ. of California Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-520-20600-7.
- Imber, Colin (2009). The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650: the structure of power. Basingstoke New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-230-57450-2.
- "NİLÜFER HATUN". TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Retrieved 2024-05-08.
- "MAL HATUN". TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Retrieved 2024-05-08.
- Finkel, Caroline (2007). Osman's dream: the story of the Ottoman Empire 1300 - 1923. New York: Basic Books. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-465-02396-7.
- "Süleyman Ghazi" (PDF). web.archive.org. Retrieved 2024-05-08.
- Lowry, Heath W. (2003). The nature of the early Ottoman state. SUNY series in the social and economic history of the Middle East. Albany: State University of New York Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-7914-5635-4.
- "Gazi Süleyman Pasha" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-08-03.
- Finkel, Caroline (2005). Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1923. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-02396-7.
- Imber, Colin (2009). The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650: The Structure of Power (2 ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-57451-9.
- Kafadar, Cemal (1995). Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20600-7.
- Lowry, Heath (2003). The Nature of the Early Ottoman State. SUNY Press. ISBN 0-7914-5636-6.