Sultans_of_Sindh

List of monarchs of Sindh

List of monarchs of Sindh

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This is a list of the monarchs of Sindh (Sindhi: سنڌ جا بادشاهن, romanized: Sind Jā Badshāhan), from the establishment of the Rai dynasty around 489 AD until the conquest of Sindh from the Talpur dynasty by the East India Company in 1843.

Quick Facts Maharaja/Sultan of Sindh (Sind), Details ...

Rai dynasty (480–632 AD)

Known rulers of the Rai dynasty are:

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Brahmin dynasty (632–712 AD)

The known rulers of the Brahmin dynasty are:[1]

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Vilayet As-Sindh (Umayyad Caliphate) (712–750 AD)

In 712, Sind was conquered by the Umayyad Caliphate. The emirs appointed by the caliphate are as below;

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Vilayet As-Sindh (Abbasid Caliphate)(750–861 AD)

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Habbari dynasty (861–1010 AD)

The Habbari rulers stylised themselves as Emirs. Note: the dates below are only approximate.[43]

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Soomra dynasty (1010–1351 AD)

The list of Soomra rulers is as follows;

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[44]

Samma dynasty (1336–1524 AD)

The Samma dynasty which was a Muslim dynasty of Sindh who succeeded Soomras took the title Jam, the equivalent of Sultan. The main sources of information on the Samma dynasty are Nizammud-din, Abu-'l-Fazl, Firishta and Mir Ma'sum, all lacking in detail, and with conflicting information. A plausible reconstruction of the chronology[45] is given in the History of Delhi Sultanate by M.H. Syed:[46]

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Arghun dynasty (1520–1554 AD)

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Tarkhan dynasty (1554–1593 AD)

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Thatta Subah (Mughal Empire) (1593–1737 AD)

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Kalhora dynasty (1737–1783 AD)

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Talpur dynasty (1783–1843 AD)

Shahdadani Talpurs of Hyderabad

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Sohrabani Talpurs of Khairpur

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Manikani Talpurs of Mirpur Khas

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See also


References

  1. Wink, André (1991). Al- Hind: The slave kings and the Islamic conquest. 2. BRILL. pp. 152–153. ISBN 9004095098.
  2. Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 345–7, 356; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, pp. 304–7, 310, 318; al-Baladhuri, pp. 216–25; al-Tabari, v. 23: p. 149; Crone, p. 135
  3. Al-Ya'qubi, p. 356; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 318; al-Baladhuri, p. 225; Crone, p. 141. Habib either was dismissed or resigned, since he remained alive until 102/720; al-Tabari, v. 24: pp. 134–7
  4. Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 322
  5. Khalifah ibn Khayyat, pp. 322, 333; al-Baladhuri, p. 225
  6. Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 333; Crone, p. 146
  7. Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 379–80; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, pp. 333, 359; al-Baladhuri, pp. 226–7; Crone, pp. 98; 147
  8. Al-Ya'qubi, p. 380; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 359; al-Baladhuri, p. 227-8; Crone, p. 148. Al-Ya'qubi and al-Baladhuri both give his nisbah as al-'Utbi. According to Khalifah ibn Khayyat, he was dismissed from office
  9. Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 380, 388–9; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, pp. 354, 359; al-Baladhuri; pp. 228–9; Crone, p. 147
  10. Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 389–90, 399–400; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, pp. 354, 359, 366; al-Tabari, v. 26: pp. 199–200
  11. In al-Ya'qubi, pp. 399–400, 407, this individual is named as Yazid ibn Irar (although the editor, p. 389, notes variant readings, including Izzan) and is said to have replaced 'Amr ibn Muhammad as governor in the reign of al-Walid ibn Yazid; he remained as governor until Mansur ibn Jumhur al-Kalbi arrived in Sind and killed him. Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 357, calls him Muhammad ibn Irar al-Kalbi and claims he became governor on an interim basis, after the death of al-Hakam ibn Awana; subsequently he was dismissed in 122/740 by the governor of Iraq, Yusuf ibn Umar al-Thaqafi, and replaced with Amr. All this is said to have taken place during the reign of Hisham. Al-Tabari, v. 26: pp. 199–200, calls him "Muhammad ibn Ghazzan – or Izzan – al-Kalbi" and states that he was appointed to succeed Amr in 126/744 by the governor of Iraq, Mansur ibn Jumhur al-Kalbi, in the reign of Yazid ibn al-Walid; he does not specify Muhammad's fate.
  12. Al-Ya'qubi, p. 407; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 413; al-Baladhuri, p. 230
  13. Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 407, 429; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 413; al-Baladhuri, p. 230; al-Tabari, v. 28: pp. 195, 198, 203; Crone, p. 158
  14. Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 429, 448; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, pp. 413, 433; al-Baladhuri, p. 230; al-Tabari, v. 27: p. 203-04; v. 28: p. 75; Crone, p. 186
  15. Al-Ya'qubi, p. 447-8; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 433; al-Tabari, v. 28: pp. 75, 77–8; Crone, p. 186. According to both al-Ya'qubi and al-Tabari, 'Uyaynah's rebellion occurred in the year 142/759
  16. Al-Ya'qubi, p. 448; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 433; al-Baladhuri, p. 231, who however places 'Umar's governorship after Hisham ibn 'Amr's; al-Tabari, v. 28: p. 78; v. 27: pp. 51–55; Crone, p. 134
  17. Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 448–9; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 433; al-Baladhuri, pp. 230–1; al-Tabari, v. 29: pp. 51, 54–6, 68, 77, 79; Crone, pp. 167–8
  18. Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 433; Crone, p. 168. Al-Tabari, v. 29: pp. 180, 193, however, says that Bistam was governor after the death of Ma'bad ibn al-Khalil until the arrival of Rawh ibn Hatim to Sind, although he also claims (p. 172) that Rawh was appointed as governor immediately following Ma'bad's death. Al-Ya'qubi, p. 448, mentions Bistam as Hisham ibn Amr's deputy in al-Mansurah, but makes no mention of him as a full governor.
  19. Al-Ya'qubi, p. 449; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 433, where however he is named as Sa'id ibn al-Khalil (which the editor notes is a possible error); al-Tabari, v. 29: pp. 79, 80, 172. Ibn Khayyat says that he died in the reign of al-Mansur, while al-Tabari claims that he died in 159/776, in the reign of al-Mahdi.
  20. Khalifah ibn Khayyat, pp. 433 (where he is named as Muhammad ibn Sa'id), 440 (where he is Muhammad ibn Ma'bad)
  21. al-Ya'qubi, p. 479; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 441; al-Tabari, v. 29: pp. 195, 203, who however places Rawh's appointment in 160/777; Crone, p. 134
  22. Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 479–80; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 441; al-Tabari, v. 29: pp. 203, 216, 218; Crone, p. 185
  23. Al-Ya'qubi, p. 480
  24. Al-Ya'qubi, p. 480; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 441; al-Tabari v. 29: p. 219, who all give different names for this individual; Crone, p. 168
  25. Al-Ya'qubi, p. 480; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 441; al-Tabari, v. 29: p. 222; Crone, p. 192
  26. Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 446
  27. Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463; Crone, p. 192
  28. Al-Ya'qubi, p. 493; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463; Crone, p. 194
  29. Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463
  30. Al-Ya'qubi, p. 493; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463; al-Tabari, v. 30: p. 109
  31. Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 493–4, where however he is named as Tayfur ibn 'Abdallah ibn Mansur al-Himyari; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463; p. 195
  32. Al-Ya'qubi, p. 494; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463; Crone, p. 137
  33. Al-Ya'qubi, p. 494; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463; Crone, p. 168
  34. Al-Ya'qubi, p. 494; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463
  35. Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 494, 532; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463; al-Baladhuri, p. 231; al-Tabari, v. 30: p. 173; v. 32: p. 106; Crone, p. 135
  36. Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 557–8; al-Baladhuri, p. 231; al-Tabari, v. 32: pp. 106, 175, 179, 189; Crone, p. 135
  37. Al-Ya'qubi, p. 557; al-Tabari, v. 32: p. 175
  38. Al-Ya'qubi, p. 557; al-Baladhuri, p. 231; al-Tabari, v. 32: pp. 179–80, 189
  39. Al-Ya'qubi, p. 557; al-Baladhuri, p. 231
  40. Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 557, 585; al-Baladhuri, pp. 231–2. Al-Tabari, v. 32: p. 189, says that Imran was appointed as chief financial officer of Sind by Ghassan, and does not mention Imran's father Musa
  41. Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 585, 593, who says that 'Anbasah was appointed in the caliphate of al-Wathiq (842–847) and stayed in Sind for nine years; al-Baladhuri, p. 218, who claims that he was governor during the reign of al-Mu'tasim (833–842)
  42. Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 593, 599; al-Baladhuri, p. 219
  43. "Chapter No. 1: History and Geography of al-Mansurah" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2014-01-27.
  44. Siddiqui, Dr. Habibullah. "The Soomras of Sindh: their origin, main characteristics and rule" (PDF). Literary Conference on Soomra Period in Sindh.
  45. Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra; Pusalker, A. D.; Majumdar, A. K., eds. (1960). The History and Culture of the Indian People. Vol. VI: The Delhi Sultanate. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 224.
  46. [History of Delhi Sultanate by M.H. Syed (p240), 2005 ISBN 81-261-1830-X, 9788126118304]
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