Suwannee County is a county located in the north central portion of the state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 43,474,^[1] up from 41,551 in 2010.^[2] Its county seat is Live Oak.^[3] Suwannee County was a dry county until August 2011, when the sale of alcoholic beverages became legal in the county.^[4]

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Suwannee County
County
The Suwannee County Courthouse in Live Oak
Seal
Location within the U.S. state of Florida
Florida's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 30°11′N 82°59′W
Country	United States
State	Florida
Founded	December 21, 1858
Named for	Suwannee River
Seat	Live Oak
Largest city	Live Oak
Area
• Total	692 sq mi (1,790 km2)
• Land	689 sq mi (1,780 km2)
• Water	3.7 sq mi (10 km2)  0.5%
Population  (2020)
• Total	43,474[1]
Time zone	UTC−5 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district	3rd
Website	suwanneecountyfl.gov

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Suwannee County was created in 1858,^[5] as railways were constructed through the area connecting it to Jacksonville, Tallahassee, and points north. It was named after the Suwannee River, which forms the county's northern, western, and much of its southern border. The word "Suwannee" may either be a corruption of the Spanish San Juan ("Saint John") or from the Cherokee sawani ("echo river").

During the American Civil War, Company K of the 3rd Florida Infantry Regiment was composed almost entirely of men from Suwannee County. In 1884, Florida's volunteer militia was reorganized and the Suwanee Rifles were established. The Rifles were among the twelve companies from Florida that were activated for service during the Spanish–American War.^[6]

The rural areas supported numerous lumber and turpentine camps. In the 1930s, anthropologist Zora Neale Hurston did research in North Florida timber camps.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 692 square miles (1,790 km²), of which 689 square miles (1,780 km²) is land and 3.7 square miles (9.6 km²) (0.5%) is water.^[7]

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 43,474 people, 15,149 households, and 10,655 families residing in the county.

As of the census^[17] of 2000, there were 34,844 people, 13,460 households, and 9,691 families residing in the county. The population density was 51 people per square mile (20 people/km²). There were 15,679 housing units at an average density of 23 per square mile (8.9/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 84.53% White, 12.11% Black or African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.51% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 1.12% from other races, and 1.29% from two or more races. 4.89% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 13,460 households, out of which 29.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.50% were married couples living together, 11.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.00% were non-families. 23.30% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.00% under the age of 18, 8.50% from 18 to 24, 25.10% from 25 to 44, 25.40% from 45 to 64, and 16.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 95.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $29,963, and the median income for a family was $34,032. Males had a median income of $26,256 versus $21,136 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,678. About 14.80% of families and 18.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.90% of those under age 18 and 12.40% of those age 65 or over.

In March 2016, the county's unemployment rate was 4.8%.

Suwannee County is served by the Suwannee River Regional Library System, which contains eight branches and also serves Hamilton and Madison counties.

• Branford
• Dowling Park
• Greenville
• Jasper
• Jennings
• Lee
• Live Oak
• Madison
• White Springs

Suwannee River Regional Library was first formed by a contractual agreement between Suwannee and Lafayette counties, making it the first regional library in Florida.^[18] In 1957, the local Library Board learned that they might get a grant for a new library if they joined with another county. The Suwannee Board convinced the Mayo Woman's Club in Lafayette County to have their county join with Suwannee County and organize the first library region in Florida. With the formation of the duo-county, Suwannee-Lafayette Library Region, it immediately received $28,224 in funds. A small library was established at Mayo in Lafayette County in October 1957. The library started as a 3,100 book collection but soon grew to some 10,000 titles, some loaned from the State Library. A bookmobile was also added and put on the road.

After being successful with its new library, the Suwannee River Regional Library System was approached by a number of nearby counties interested in the project, and in 1959 Columbia, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Madison and Taylor counties qualified for membership and became a part of the system. Greenville, Jasper, Lake City, Madison, and Perry had small libraries operated by a Woman's Club that were also absorbed into the organization. By 1960, the library system now had 23,500 books in its collection, 3,000 of which were a gift from the Miami Public Library. On August 2 of that year, Dixie County became the last one to be invited to join in. Later, the Cross City library observed its official opening December 1, 1960. In May, 1990 Madison County expanded by establishing a small satellite branch library in the Town of Lee. The Suwannee County library in Live Oak is the headquarters of the organization, as it has been since the establishment of the Suwannee River Regional Library System.^[19]

Until 1964, Suwannee County, as part of the Solid South, voted with the Democratic presidential candidate every time. Since then, the only Democratic candidate to carry the county was Jimmy Carter, although he carried it both times in 1976 and 1980 despite losing the state and nationally in the latter.

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Suwannee County, Florida
• Suwannee County, Florida paleontological sites