Sweden competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 116 competitors, 99 men and 17 women, took part in 90 events in 16 sports.^[1]

Three of Sweden's archers from the 1972 Summer Olympics returned in 1976. Anna-Lisa Berglund improved her score by 155 points, moving up 23 places in the rankings. Rolf Svensson also competed again, shooting 26 points and 5 places higher than four years before. Defending silver medallist Gunnar Jervill, however, fell to 14th place.

Women's Individual Competition:

• Anna-Lisa Berglund – 2340 points (11th place)
• Lena Sjöholm – 2322 points (13th place)

Men's Individual Competition:

• Rolf Svensson – 2412 points (11th place)
• Gunnar Jervill – 2406 points (14th place)

Men's 800 metres

• Ake Svensson

• Heat — 1:48.86 (→ did not advance)

Men's Marathon

• Göran Bengtsson — 2:17:39 (→ 14th place)

Men's High Jump

• Rune Almen

• Qualification — 2.16m
• Final — 2.18m (→ 10th place)

Men's Discus Throw

• Rickard Bruch

• Qualification — 58.06m (→ did not advance)

Men's 20 km Race Walk

• Bengt Simonsen — 1:35:31 (→ 26th place)

Six cyclists represented Sweden in 1976.

Individual road race

• Bernt Johansson — 4:46:52 (→ Gold Medal)
• Sven-Åke Nilsson — 4:49:01 (→ 29th place)
• Leif Hansson — did not finish (→ no ranking)
• Alf Segersäll — did not finish (→ no ranking)

Team time trial

• Tord Filipsson
• Bernt Johansson
• Sven-Åke Nilsson
• Tommy Prim

Seven fencers, six men and one woman, represented Sweden in 1976.

Men's foil

• Göran Malkar

Men's épée

• Rolf Edling
• Göran Flodström
• Hans Jacobson

Men's team épée

• Carl von Essen, Hans Jacobson, Rolf Edling, Leif Högström, Göran Flodström

Women's foil

• Kerstin Palm

Three male pentathletes represented Sweden in 1976.

Individual

• Hans Lager
• Bengt Lager
• Gunnar Jacobson

Team

• Hans Lager
• Bengt Lager
• Gunnar Jacobson