The Caledonian Railway main line

When the first main line between central Scotland and the English railways was being planned, the Annandale Route was favoured by many promoters; with some variations from the earliest planned route, that became the Caledonian Railway main line, nowadays part of the West Coast Main Line. The plans included a route to Edinburgh, and at first this was to leave the Glasgow to Carlisle line at Symington. This would have had the advantage of bringing Biggar into the route, but the alignment on from there was more difficult, and Glasgow to Edinburgh traffic would have had a much longer route. The Edinburgh line as actually built in 1849 left the Glasgow line at Carstairs instead.^[1][2]

Symington to Broughton

Biggar was an important town, and the topography of the region was such that a railway connection posed no engineering difficulty. Local interests promoted a railway from Symington, on the Caledonian Railway main line. The Caledonian Railway was friendly to them, seeing their line as a possible launching point for access to the Lothian coalfields.^[3]

In 1857 plans for the line were taking definite shape, with the guidance of the engineer John Miller. The line was to be built for £30,290. At the insistence of the Caledonian, the land was to be acquired for double track, although only single track was to be laid at first: the Caledonian clearly saw the line as a future trunk route.^[3][2]

The Symington, Biggar and Broughton Railway was authorised by Act of Parliament on 21 May 1858.^[3] Although the continuation to Broughton was very simple, along the broad valley of the Biggar Water, it is not clear what was the intended benefit of this lengthy extension. The population of Broughton parish was under 300 and there were no notable industries.^[4]

The authorised capital of the new line was £36,000^{[note 1]} with permitted loan capital of £12,000.^[5] The proprietors found it difficult to raise all the capital and appealed to the Caledonian Railway for help; the Caledonian subscribed £7,500 on condition that £20,000 was sourced locally, and this was done.

The line opened from Symington to Broughton on 5 November 1860, and it was worked by the Caledonian Railway.^[6]

Symington station

The junction with the main line at Symington was a little distance north of the earlier station there. It is likely that arriving branch trains simply reversed from the point of junction to the station, but this was not a long term arrangement, and the passenger station was moved to the junction, opening there on 30 November 1863. The former station remained as a goods station.

Extending to Peebles

During the construction period, the Company decided to extend the line to Peebles, which was an important Burgh. The extension was clearly prompted by the Caledonian Railway, and they advanced £6,000 for the Parliamentary deposit, and promised to subscribe 20% of the extension's capital cost of £75,000. It was agreed that when the line was open to Peebles, the Caledonian would purchase the line at cost.^[3]

The extension was authorised on 3 July 1860. Lord Elgin had declared that he would oppose the Bill unless the railway were carried through tunnel at Neidpath on his property. The Caledonian declined to do this, but in the face of determined opposition finally conceded the point. The original directors of the SB&BR were local men and the power politics and large capital sums were making them uncomfortable, so that they petitioned the Caledonian in 1860 to take over the entire SB&BR system. This was agreed and an Act authorising the amalgamation was passed on 1 August 1861. The Caledonian Railway absorbed the company and continued the construction itself.^[5][3]

The Caledonian's expansionist policy found Peebles an attractive destination, from which further incursions into the Borders might be launched, and the Caledonian agreed to subscribe £20,000 to the extension railway. Galashiels was considered as an objective, but that aspiration was shared by the NBR, which had reached Peebles in 1855 (through the medium of the Peebles Railway) which it worked. Much earlier Peebles had been an agreed frontier post between Caledonian and NBR expansion, but that agreement was long forgotten. Now negotiation resulted in the Caledonian allowing the NBR to build a line to Galashiels without opposition in Parliament; in return it could make a triangular junction with the NBR (Peebles Railway) line at Peebles, facing north and south.

The extended line was opened as far as a separate station at Peebles on 1 February 1864, without ceremony. At Broughton the passenger terminus was by-passed and a new passenger station adjacent was built; the old station became a goods depot.^[3] The Symington line station at Peebles was on the south of the River Tweed and the NBR station was on the north side.^[7] The Act permitting the extension included authorisation to connect to the NBR line.^[2]

For some years the passenger train service consisted of four or five journeys each way six days a week; the journey time was about 45 minutes, with a transit to Glasgow from Peebles taking a little over two hours.^[3]

Crossing the Tweed

The triangular junction at Peebles, fought for so fiercely with visions of through running into the heart of NBR territory, was reduced in scope to a simple transfer link. The Caledonian built an awkward seven arch skew viaduct across the Tweed to reach the NBR station, facing north, connecting to the NBR station. It opened on 16 April 1866; it was probably never for passenger traffic, and was limited to transfer of goods wagons only. On 24 May 1866, Captain Rich of the Railway Inspectorate, examined the Innerleithen-Galashiels section of the North British Railway, and also the link line from the Caledonian. The link ran through several sidings in the NBR goods yard, and Captain Rich refused to sanction passenger operation on the link until the layout was altered. This was never done, and passenger operation was never authorised.

The south-facing connection was never built.^{[note 2][2][8]}

The Royal Highland Show

In 1906 the Royal Highland Show was planned to take place at Peebles. The station accommodation was extremely limited, and the Caledonian Railway enlarged the facilities in preparation, during 1905. An island platform was provided with much extended siding accommodation, together with a 60 feet (18.3 m) turntable.^[2]

Talla Reservoir

In the period 1897 - 1905 the Talla Reservoir was constructed by the Edinburgh and District Water Trust. This was a prodigious undertaking involving the import of considerable volumes of materials, and the Talla Railway was built as a service line for the purpose. The Talla Railway was over 10 miles (16 km) long running almost due south from Broughton. In fact the line ran alongside the Peebles line (as two single lines on a double track formation) for about a mile south-east from Broughton before diverging. Broughton station was enlarged to deal with the traffic.

Name of Peebles station

The station at Peebles was always called "Peebles". The North British Railway station on the other side of town was renamed "Peebles East" on 25 September 1950. At this time the Caledonian station had closed to passenger services, and it was never given the "West" specifier. However the station continued in use as a goods station, and it was this that was renamed "Peebles West Goods Station" in September 1952.^[8]

Closure

The passenger traffic had never developed as had been hoped, and the line from Peebles to Symington was closed to passengers on 5 June 1950, although Biggar saw some special school traffic until 14 August 1950.^[2][9]

Goods traffic continued until the line from Peebles West to Broughton closed completely on 7 June 1954, and the final closure (from Symington to Broughton) was on 4 April 1966. The section of the old line between Broughton and Biggar (starting beyond the coal yard in Broughton) is used as a footpath. The section from Neidpath Viaduct to Lyne Station is also a public footpath.

When the branch line closed in 1954, the Peebles (West) goods yard continued in use, served by the link line from the NBR line. Since the closure of the NBR engine shed, engines requiring to be turned crossed to the Caledonian goods station to turn on the turntable there.

Peebles West Goods Depot and the link line were closed completely on 1 August 1959.^[8]