The taxonomy of the Gastropoda , as revised by Winston Ponder and David R. Lindberg in 1997, is an older taxonomy of the class Gastropoda , the class of molluscs consisting of all snails and slugs.[1] The full name of the work in which this taxonomy was published is Towards a phylogeny of gastropod molluscs: an analysis using morphological characters.
This taxonomy assigns the various Gastropods into ranked categories, such as sub-orders and families , but does not address the classification of genera or individual species . This classification scheme is based on the molluscs' internal and external shapes and forms, but did not take into account any analysis of their DNA or RNA .
The classification below was the most recent until Bouchet and Rocroi published their revised taxonomy in 2005 , which differs primarily in that the higher taxa are expressed as unranked clades where known, and termed "informal groups" or groups" where monophyly (a single lineage) has not yet been determined, and where polyphyly (more than one lineage) is suspected.
Ponder & Lindberg (1997) used only four families to analyze the Euthyneura . Further work by Dayrat & Tillier (2002)[2] provided a great deal of detail about the relationships between within the Euthyneura.
Ponder & Lindberg (1997) did not use Linnean taxonomical ranks in their work, but the results of their paper were widely adapted and used with Linnean taxonomical ranks by other authors. An example of such taxonomy follows:
Class Gastropoda Cuvier , 1797
Incertæ sedis
Subclass Eogastropoda Ponder & David R. Lindberg , 1996 (earlier: Prosobranchia )
Live limpets in the intertidal zone in Cornwall , England.
Suborder Patellina Van Ihering, 1876
Suborder Nacellina David R. Lindberg , 1988
Suborder Lepetopsina McLean, 1990
Superfamily Lepetopsoidea McLean, 1990
'Subclass Orthogastropoda Ponder & David R. Lindberg , 1996 (earlier Prosobranchia , Opisthobranchia )
Incertæ sedis
Order Murchisoniina Cox & Knight, 1960 (fossil )
Superorder Cocculiniformia Haszprunar, 1987
Superorder "Hot Vent Taxa" Ponder & David R. Lindberg , 1997
Order Neomphaloida Sitnikova & Starobogatov, 1983
Superfamily Neomphaloidea McLean, 1981 (hydrothermal vents limpets)
Superfamily Peltospiroidea McLean, 1989
Superorder Vetigastropoda Salvini-Plawen, 1989 (limpets)
The shell of an archaeogastropod from the Pliocene of Cyprus . A serpulid worm is attached.
Superorder Neritaemorphi Koken, 1896
Order Cyrtoneritomorpha (fossil )
Order Neritopsina Cox & Knight, 1960
Superorder Caenogastropoda Cox, 1960
Order Architaenioglossa Haller, 1890
Order Sorbeoconcha Ponder & David R. Lindberg , 1997
Suborder Discopoda P. Fischer, 1884
Suborder Hypsogastropoda Ponder & David R. Lindberg , 1997
Infraorder Littorinimorpha Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975
Superfamily Calyptraeoidea Lamarck , 1809
Superfamily Capuloidea J. Fleming, 1822
Superfamily Carinarioidea Blainville , 1818 (formerly called Heteropoda)
Superfamily Cingulopsoidea Fretter & Patil, 1958
Superfamily Cypraeoidea Rafinesque , 1815 (cowries)
Superfamily Ficoidea Meek, 1864
Superfamily Laubierinoidea Warén & Bouchet, 1990
Superfamily Littorinoidea (Children), 1834 (periwinkles)
Superfamily Naticoidea Forbes, 1838 (moon shells)
Superfamily Rissooidea J.E. Gray , 1847 (Risso shells) (includes genus Oncomelania , schistosomiasis transmission vector)
Superfamily Stromboidea Rafinesque , 1815 (true conchs)
Superfamily Tonnoidea Suter , 1913
Superfamily Trivioidea Troschel, 1863
Superfamily Vanikoroidea J.E. Gray , 1840
Superfamily Velutinoidea J.E. Gray , 1840
Superfamily Vermetoidea Rafinesque , 1815 (worm shells)
Superfamily Xenophoroidea Troschel, 1852 (carrier shells)
Infraorder Ptenoglossa J.E. Gray, 1853
Infraorder Neogastropoda Thiele , 1929
Superorder Heterobranchia J.E. Gray , 1840
Cochlodina laminata from the family Clausiliidae or door snails, a small land pulmonate which has a sinistral or left-handed shell, on the trunk of a tree, in woodland , England
Order Pulmonata Cuvier in Blainville , 1814 (pulmonates)
Suborder Systellommatophora Pilsbry, 1948
Suborder Basommatophora Keferstein in Bronn, 1864 (freshwater pulmonates, pond snails)
Suborder Eupulmonata Haszprunar & Huber, 1990
Infraorder Acteophila Dall , 1885 (= formerly Archaeopulmonata)
Superfamily Melampoidea Stimpson, 1851
Infraorder Trimusculiformes Minichev & Starobogatov, 1975
Infraorder Stylommatophora A. Schmidt, 1856 (land snails)
Subinfraorder Orthurethra
Subinfraorder Sigmurethra
Superfamily Acavoidea Pilsbry, 1895
Superfamily Achatinoidea Swainson, 1840
Superfamily Aillyoidea Baker, 1960
Superfamily Arionoidea J.E. Gray in Turnton, 1840
Superfamily Buliminoidea Clessin, 1879
Superfamily Camaenoidea Pilsbry, 1895
Superfamily Clausilioidea Mörch , 1864
Superfamily Dyakioidea Gude & Woodward, 1921
Superfamily Gastrodontoidea Tryon, 1866
Superfamily Helicoidea Rafinesque , 1815
Superfamily Helixarionoidea Bourguignat, 1877
Superfamily Limacoidea Rafinesque , 1815
Superfamily Oleacinoidea H. Adams & A. Adams , 1855
Superfamily Orthalicoidea Albers-Martens, 1860
Superfamily Plectopylidoidea Moellendorf, 1900
Superfamily Polygyroidea Pilsbry, 1894
Superfamily Punctoidea Morse, 1864
Superfamily Rhytidoidea Pilsbry, 1893
Superfamily Sagdidoidea Pilsbry, 1895
Superfamily Staffordioidea Thiele , 1931
Superfamily Streptaxoidea J.E. Gray , 1806
Superfamily Strophocheiloidea Thiele , 1926
Superfamily Trigonochlamydoidea Hese, 1882
Superfamily Zonitoidea Mörch , 1864
? Superfamily Athoracophoroidea P. Fischer, 1883 (= Tracheopulmonata)
? Superfamily Succineoidea Beck, 1837 (= Heterurethra)
Other extant classes of the Mollusca are Bivalvia , Scaphopoda , Aplacophora , Polyplacophora , Monoplacophora and Cephalopoda .