Thailand competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 42 competitors, 39 men and 3 women, took part in 33 events in 11 sports.^[1]

The country won their first Olympic medal, a bronze for boxing's Payao Poontarat. It became the third Southeast Asian country to win the first Olympic medal after the Philippines (won a bronze for swimming in 1928) and Singapore (won a silver in 1960 in weightlifting). It took 20 years until Thailand won its first gold medal in Atlanta, also in the boxing.

Women's Individual Competition:

• Am. Kaewbaidhoon — 2282 points (→ 18th place)

Men's Individual Competition:

• Vallop Potaya — 2060 points (→ 35th place)
• Vichit Suksumpong — 2032 points (→ 36th place)

Men's 4 × 100 metres Relay

• Anat Ratanapol, Suchart Jairsuraparp, Somsakdi Boontud, and Sayan Paratanavong

• Heat — 40.53s
• Semi Finals — 40.68s (→ did not advance)

Six cyclists represented Thailand in 1976.

Individual road race

• Panya Singprayool-Dinmuong — did not finish (→ no ranking)
• Arlee Wararong — did not finish (→ no ranking)
• Chartchai Juntrat — did not finish (→ no ranking)
• Prajin Rungrote — did not finish (→ no ranking)

Team time trial

• Sucheep Likittay
• Chartchai Juntrat
• Panya Singprayool-Dinmuong
• Prajin Rungrote

Sprint

• Taworn Tarwan — 24th place

1000m time trial

• Taworn Tarwan — 1:15.136 (→ 27th place)

Five fencers, all men, represented Thailand in 1976.

Men's épée

• Taweewat Hurapan
• Sneh Chousurin
• Sutipong Santitevagul

Men's team épée

• Sneh Chousurin, Taweewat Hurapan, Sutipong Santitevagul, Royengyot Srivorapongpant, Samachai Trangjaroenngarm

Men's sabre

• Taweewat Hurapan
• Sutipong Santitevagul
• Royengyot Srivorapongpant

Men's team sabre

• Taweewat Hurapan, Samachai Trangjaroenngarm, Sutipong Santitevagul, Royengyot Srivorapongpant