Thallium-205

Isotopes of thallium

Isotopes of thallium

Nuclides with atomic number of 81 but with different mass numbers

Thallium (81Tl) has 41 isotopes with atomic masses that range from 176 to 216. 203Tl and 205Tl are the only stable isotopes and 204Tl is the most stable radioisotope with a half-life of 3.78 years. 207Tl, with a half-life of 4.77 minutes, has the longest half-life of naturally occurring Tl radioisotopes. All isotopes of thallium are either radioactive or observationally stable, meaning that they are predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed.

Quick Facts Main isotopes, Decay ...

Thallium-202 (half-life 12.23 days) can be made in a cyclotron[4] while thallium-204 (half-life 3.78 years) is made by the neutron activation of stable thallium in a nuclear reactor.[5]

In the fully ionized state, the isotope 205Tl becomes beta-radioactive, decaying to 205Pb,[6] but 203Tl remains stable.

205Tl is the decay product of bismuth-209, an isotope that was once thought to be stable but is now known to undergo alpha decay with an extremely long half-life of 2.01×1019 y.[7] 205Tl is at the end of the neptunium series decay chain.

The neptunium series decay chain, which ends at 205Tl.

List of isotopes

More information Nuclide, Historic name ...
  1. [n 1]
    mTl – Excited nuclear isomer.
  2. [n 2]
    ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
  3. [n 3]
    # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
  4. [n 4]
    # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
  5. [n 5]
    Modes of decay:
    EC:Electron capture
    IT:Isomeric transition
    n:Neutron emission
    p:Proton emission
  6. [n 6]
    Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
  7. [n 7]
    ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
  8. [n 8]
    Main isotope used in scintigraphy
  9. [n 9]
    Believed to undergo α decay to 199Au
  10. [N 10]
    Final decay product of 4n+1 decay chain (the Neptunium series)
  11. [N 11]
    Believed to undergo α decay to 201Au
  12. [N 12]
    Intermediate decay product of 238U
  13. [N 13]
    Intermediate decay product of 235U
  14. [N 14]
    Intermediate decay product of 232Th
  15. [N 15]
    Intermediate decay product of 237Np

Thallium-201

Thallium-201 (201Tl) is a synthetic radioisotope of thallium. It has a half-life of 73 hours and decays by electron capture, emitting X-rays (~70–80 keV), and photons of 135 and 167 keV in 10% total abundance.[17] Thallium-201 is synthesized by the neutron activation of stable thallium in a nuclear reactor,[17][18] or by the 203Tl(p, 3n)201Pb nuclear reaction in cyclotrons, as 201Pb naturally decays to 201Tl afterwards.[19] It is a radiopharmaceutical, as it has good imaging characteristics without excessive patient radiation dose. It is the most popular isotope used for thallium nuclear cardiac stress tests.[20]

References

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