Species |
Common name |
Type |
Image |
Location(s) |
Estimated population |
Threats |
Abies beshanzuensis |
Baishan fir |
Plant (Tree) |
|
Baishanzu Mountain, Zhejiang, China |
Five mature individuals |
|
Actinote zikani |
|
Insect (butterfly) |
|
Near São Paulo, Atlantic forest, Brazil |
Unknown |
- habitat loss from human expansion
|
Aipysurus foliosquama |
Leaf scaled sea-snake |
Reptile |
|
Ashmore Reef and Hibernia Reef, Timor Sea |
Unknown |
- unknown—probably degradation of coral reef habitat
|
Amanipodagrion gilliesi |
Amani flatwing |
Insect (damselfly) |
|
Amani-Sigi Forest, Usamabara Mountains, Tanzania |
< 500 individuals |
- population pressure and water pollution
|
Anisolabis seychellensis |
|
Insect |
|
Morne Blanc, Mahé island, Seychelles |
Unknown |
- invasive species
- climate change
|
Antilophia bokermanni |
Araripe manakin |
Bird |
|
Chapado do Araripe, South Ceará, Brazil |
779 individuals |
- recreational facilities
- water diversion
|
Aphanius transgrediens |
Aci Göl toothcarp |
Fish |
|
south-eastern shore of former Lake Aci, Turkey |
few hundred pairs |
- competition and predation by Gambusia
- road construction
|
Aproteles bulmerae |
Bulmer's fruit bat |
Mammal |
|
Luplupwintern Cave, Western Province, Papua New Guinea |
150 |
|
Ardea insignis |
White bellied heron |
Bird |
|
Bhutan, North East India and Myanmar |
70–400 individuals |
|
Ardeotis nigriceps |
Great Indian bustard |
Bird |
|
Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Madhya, India |
50–249 mature individuals |
- agricultural development
- energy transmission lines
|
Astrochelys yniphora |
Ploughshare tortoise |
Reptile |
|
Baly Bay region, northwestern Madagascar |
440–770 |
- illegal collection for international pet trade
|
Atelopus balios |
Rio Pescado stubfoot toad |
Amphibian |
|
Azuay, Cañar and Guyas provinces, south-western Ecuador |
Unknown |
|
Aythya innotata |
Madagascar pochard |
Bird |
|
volcanic lakes north of Bealanana, Madagascar |
80 mature individuals |
- agriculture
- hunting and fishing
- introduced fish
|
Azurina eupalama |
Galapagos damsel fish |
Fish |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
- climate change
- oceanographic changes related to the 1982/1983 El Nino
|
Bahaba taipingensis |
Giant yellow croaker |
Fish |
|
Chinese coast from Yangtze River, China to Hong Kong |
Unknown |
- over-fishing due to value of swim-bladder in traditional medicine
|
Batagur baska |
Common batagur |
Reptile (turtle) |
|
Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia and Malaysia |
Unknown |
|
Bazzania bhutanica |
|
Plant |
|
Budini and Lafeti Khola, Bhutan |
2 sub-populations |
|
Beatragus hunteri |
Hirola |
Mammal (antelope) |
|
South-east Kenya and possibly south-west Somalia |
< 1,000 individuals |
- habitat loss
- competition with livestock
- poaching
|
Bombus franklini |
Franklin's bumblebee |
Insect (bee) |
|
Oregon and California |
Unknown |
|
Brachyteles hypoxanthus |
Northern muriqui Woolly spider monkey |
Mammal (primate) |
|
Atlantic forest, south-eastern Brazil |
< 1,000 |
- large-scale deforestation and logging
|
Bradypus pygmaeus |
Pygmy three-toed sloth |
Mammal |
|
Isla Escudo de Veraguas, Panama |
< 500 |
|
Callitriche pulchra |
|
Plant (freshwater) |
|
pool on Gavdos, Greece |
Unknown |
- habitat exploitation by livestock
- modification of the pool by locals
|
Calumma tarzan |
Tarzan's chameleon |
Reptile |
|
Anosibe An'Ala region, eastern Madagascar |
< 100 |
|
Cavia intermedia |
Santa Catarina's guinea pig |
Mammal (rodent) |
|
Moleques do Sul Island, Santa Catarina, Brazil |
40–60 |
- habitat disturbance
- possible hunting
- result of having such a small population
|
Cercopithecus roloway |
Roloway guenon |
Mammal (primate) |
|
Côte d'Ivoire |
Unknown |
|
Coleura seychellensis |
Seychelles sheath-tailed bat |
Mammal (bat) |
|
Two small caves on Silhouette and Mahé, Seychelles |
< 100 |
- habitat degradation
- predation by invasive species
|
Cryptomyces maximus |
Willow blister |
Fungi |
|
Pembrokeshire, United Kingdom |
Unknown |
|
Cryptotis nelsoni |
Nelson's small-eared shrew |
Mammal (shrew) |
|
Volcán San Martín Tuxtla, Veracruz, Mexico |
Unknown |
- logging
- cattle grazing
- fire
- agriculture
|
Cyclura collei |
Jamaican iguana Jamaican rock iguana |
Reptile |
|
Hellshire Hills, Jamaica |
Unknown |
|
Daubentonia Madagascariensis |
Aye-aye |
Mammal (primate) |
|
Deciduous forest, East Madagascar |
Unknown |
|
Dendrophylax fawcettii |
Cayman Islands ghost orchid |
Plant (orchid) |
|
Ironwood Forest, George Town, Grand Cayman |
Unknown |
- infrastructure development
|
Dicerorhinus sumatrensis |
Sumatran rhino |
Mammal (rhino) |
|
Sabah, Sarawak and Peninsular Malaysia, Kalimantan and Sumatra, Indonesia |
< 100 |
- hunting (horn is used in traditional medicine)
|
Diomedea amsterdamensis |
Amsterdam albatross |
Bird |
|
Breeds on Plateuau des Tourbières, Amsterdam Island, Indian Ocean. |
100 mature individuals |
- disease
- incidental by-catch in long-line fishing
|
Dioscorea strydomiana |
Wild yam |
Plant |
|
Oshoek area, Mpumalanga, South Africa |
200 |
- collection for medicinal use
|
Diospyros katendei |
|
Plant (tree) |
|
Kasyoha-Kitomi Forest Reserve, Uganda |
20 individuals in a single population |
- agricultural activity
- illegal tree felling
- alluvial gold digging
- small population
|
Dipterocarpus lamellatus |
|
Plant (tree) |
|
Siangau Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia |
12 individuals |
- logging of lowland forest
- creation of industrial plantations
|
Discoglossus nigriventer |
Hula painted frog |
Amphibian |
|
Hula Valley, Israel |
Unknown |
|
Dombeya mauritiana |
|
Plant |
|
Mauritius |
Unknown |
- encroachment by invasive plant species
- habitat loss due to cannabis cultivation
|
Elaeocarpus bojeri |
Bois Dentelle |
Plant (tree) |
|
Grand Bassin, Mauritius |
< 10 individuals |
|
Eleutherodactylus glandulifer |
La Hotte glanded frog |
Amphibian |
|
Massif de la Hotte, Haiti |
Unknown |
- charcoal production
- slash-and-burn agriculture
|
Eleutherodactylus thorecetes |
Macaya breast-spot frog |
Amphibian |
|
Formon and Macaya peaks, Masif de la Hotte, Haiti |
Unknown |
- charcoal production
- slash-and-burn agriculture
|
Eriosyce chilensis |
Chilenito (cactus) |
Plant |
|
Pta Molles and Pichidungui, Chile |
< 500 individuals |
- collection of flowering plants
|
Erythrina schliebenii |
Coral tree |
Plant |
|
Namatimbili-Ngarama Forest, Tanzania |
< 50 individuals |
- limited habitat and small population size increase vulnerability
|
Euphorbia tanaensis |
|
Plant (tree) |
|
Witu Forest Reserve, Kenya |
4 mature individuals |
- illegal logging
- agricultural expansion
- infrastructure development
|
Eurynorhyncus pygmeus |
Spoon-billed sandpiper |
Bird |
|
Breeds in Russia, migrates along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway to wintering grounds in India, Bangladesh and Myanmar |
100 breeding pairs |
- trapping
- land reclamation
|
Ficus katendei |
|
Plant |
|
Kasyoha-Kitomi Forest Reserve, Ishasha River, Uganda |
< 50 mature individuals |
- agriculture
- illegal tree felling
- alluvial gold digging
|
Geronticus eremita |
Northern bald ibis |
Bird |
|
Breeds in Morocco, Turkey and Syria. Syrian population winters in
central Ethiopia. |
about 3000 individuals |
- habitat degradation and destruction
- hunting
|
Gigasiphon macrosiphon |
|
Plant (flower) |
|
Kaya Muhaka, Gongoni and Mrima Forest Reserves, Kenya, Amani Nature Reserve, West Kilombero Scarp Forest Reserve, and Kihansi Gorge, Tanzania |
33 |
- timber extraction
- agriculture encroachment and development
- predation by wild pigs
|
Gocea ohridana |
|
Mollusc |
|
Lake Ohrid, Macedonia |
Unknown |
- increasing pollution levels
- off-take of water
- sedimentation events
|
Heleophryne rosei |
Table mountain ghost frog |
Amphibian |
|
Table Mountain, Western Cape Province, South Africa |
Unknown |
- invasive plants
- water abstraction
|
Hemicycla paeteliana |
|
Mollusc (land snail) |
|
Jandia peninsula, Fuerteventura, Canary Islands |
Unknown |
- overgrazing
- trampling by goats and tourists
|
Heteromirafa sidamoensis |
Liben lark |
Bird |
|
Liben Plains, southern Ethiopia |
90–256 |
- agricultural expansion
- overgrazing
- fire suppression
|
Hibiscadelphus woodii |
|
Plant (tree) |
|
Kalalau Valley, Hawaii |
Unknown |
- habitat degradation due to feral ungulates
- competition with invasive plant species
|
Hucho perryi |
Sakhalin taimen |
Fish |
|
Russian and Japanese rivers, Pacific Ocean between Russia and Japan |
Unknown |
- overfishing
- damming
- agriculture
- other land use
|
Johora singaporensis |
Singapore freshwater crab |
Crustacean |
|
Bukit Timah Nature Reserve and streamlet near Bukit Batok, Singapore |
Unknown |
- habitat degradation due to reduction in water quality and quantity
|
Lathyrus belinensis |
Belin vetchling |
Plant |
|
Outskirts of Belin village, Antalya, Turkey |
< 1,000 |
- urbanisation
- over-grazing
- conifer planting
- road widening
|
Leiopelma archeyi |
Archey's frog |
Amphibian |
|
Coromandel peninsula and Whareorino Forest, New Zealand |
Unknown |
|
Lithobates sevosus |
Dusky gopher frog |
Amphibian |
|
Harrison County, Mississippi, USA |
60–100 |
- fungal disease
- climate change
- land-use changes
|
Lophura edwardsi |
Edwards's pheasant |
Bird |
|
Quang Binh, Quang Tri and Thua Thien-Hue, Viet Nam |
Unknown |
|
Magnolia wolfii |
|
Plant (tree) |
|
Risaralda, Colombia |
3 |
- isolation of species
- low regeneration rates
|
Margaritifera marocana |
|
Mollusc |
|
Oued Denna, Oued Abid and Oued Beth, Morocco |
< 250 |
|
Moominia willii |
|
Mollusc (snail) |
|
Silhouette Island, Seychelles |
< 500 |
- invasive species
- climate change
|
Natalus primus |
Cuban greater funnel eared bat |
Mammal (bat) |
|
Cueva La Barca, Isle of Pines, Cuba |
< 100 |
- habitat loss
- human disturbance
|
Nepenthes attenboroughii |
Attenborough's pitcher plant |
Plant |
|
Mount Victoria, Palawan, Philippines |
Unknown |
|
Nomascus hainanus |
Hainan black crested gibbon |
Mammal (primate) |
|
Hainan Island, China |
20 |
|
Neurergus kaiseri |
Luristan newt |
Amphibian |
|
Zagros Mountains, Lorestan, Iran |
< 1,000 |
- illegal collection for pet trade
|
Oreocnemis phoenix |
Mulanje red damsel |
Insect (damselfly) |
|
Mulanje Plateau, Malawi |
Unknown |
- habitat destruction and degradation due to drainage
- agricultural expansion
- exploitation of forest
|
Pangasius sanitwongsei |
Pangasid catfish |
Fish |
|
Chao Phraya and Mekong basins in Cambodia, China, Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam |
Unknown |
- overfishing
- collection for aquarium trade
|
Parides burchellanus |
|
Insect (butterfly) |
|
Cerrado, Brazil |
< 100 |
- human expansion
- limited range
|
Phocoena sinus |
Vaquita |
Mammal (porpoise) |
|
Northern Gulf of California, Mexico |
12[7] |
- capture in fishermen's gillnets
|
Picea neoveitchii |
Type of spruce tree |
Plant (tree) |
|
Qinling Range, China |
Unknown |
|
Pinus squamata |
Qiaojia pine |
Plant (tree) |
|
Qiaojia, Yunnan, China |
< 25 |
- limited distribution
- small population size
|
Poecilotheria metallica |
Gooty tarantula Metallic tarantula Peacock tarantula Salepurgu |
Spider |
|
Nandyal and Giddalur, Andhra Pradesh, India |
Unknown |
- deforestation
- firewood collection
- civil unrest
|
Pomarea whitneyi |
Fatuhiva monarch |
Bird |
|
Fatu Hiva, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia |
50 |
|
Pristis pristis |
Common sawfish |
Fish |
|
Coastal tropical and subtropical waters of Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Currently largely restricted to northern Australia |
Unknown |
- exploitation has removed the species from 95 per cent of its historical range
|
Hapalemur simus |
Greater bamboo lemur |
Mammal (primate) |
|
Southeastern and southcentral rainforests of Madagascar |
500 |
- agriculture
- mining
- illegal logging
|
Propithecus candidus |
Silky sifaka |
Mammal (primate) |
|
Maroantsetra to Andapa basin, and Marojeju Massif, Madagascar |
100–1,000 |
- hunting
- habitat disturbance
|
Psammobates geometricus |
Geometric tortoise |
Reptile |
|
Western Cape Province, South Africa |
Unknown |
|
Pseudoryx nghetinhensis |
Saola |
Mammal |
|
Annamite mountains, on the Viet Nam - PDR Laos border |
Unknown |
|
Psiadia cataractae |
|
Plant |
|
Mauritius |
Unknown |
- development project
- competition from invasive plant species
|
Psorodonotus ebneri |
Beydaglari bush-cricket |
Insect |
|
Beydaglari range, Antalaya, Turkey |
Unknown |
- climate change
- habitat loss
|
Rafetus swinhoei |
Red River giant softshell turtle |
Reptile |
|
Hoan Kiem Lake and Dong Mo Lake, Viet Nam, and Suzhou Zoo, China |
3 |
- hunting for consumption
- wetland destruction
- pollution
|
Rhinoceros sondaicus |
Javan rhino |
Mammal (rhino) |
|
Ujung Kulon National Park, Java, Indonesia |
< 100 |
- hunting for traditional medicine
- small population size
|
Rhinopithecus avunculus |
Tonkin snub-nosed monkey |
Mammal (primate) |
|
Northeastern Vietnam |
< 200 |
|
Rhizanthella gardneri |
West Australian underground orchid |
Plant (orchid) |
|
Western Australia, Australia |
< 100 |
- land clearance for agriculture
- climate change
- salinisation
|
Rhynchocyon spp. |
Boni giant sengi |
Mammal (shrew) |
|
Boni-Dodori Forest, Lamu area, Kenya |
Unknown |
- development causing habitat loss
|
Risiocnemis seidenschwarzi |
Cebu frill-wing |
Insect (damselfly) |
|
Rivulet beside the Kawasan River, Cebu, Philippines |
Unknown |
- habitat degradation and destruction
|
Rosa arabica |
|
Plant |
|
St Katherine Mountains, Egypt |
Unknown, 10 sub-populations |
- domestic animal grazing
- climate change and drought
- medicinal plant collecting
- limited range
|
Salanoia durrelli |
Durrell's vontsira |
Mammal (mongoose) |
|
Marshes of Lake Alaotra, Madagascar |
Unknown |
|
Santamartamys rufodorsalis |
Red crested tree rat |
Mammal (rodent) |
|
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia |
Unknown |
- urban development
- coffee cultivation
|
Scaturiginichthys vermeilipinnis |
Red-finned blue-eye |
Fish |
|
Edgbaston Station, central western Queensland, Australia |
2,000–4,000 |
- predation by introduced species
|
Squatina squatina |
Angel shark |
Fish |
|
Canary Islands |
Unknown |
|
Sterna bernsteini |
Chinese crested tern |
Bird |
|
Breeding in Zhejiang and Fujian, China. Outside breeding season in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand. |
< 50 |
|
Syngnathus watermeyeri |
Estuarine pipefish |
Fish |
|
Kariega Estuary to East Kleinemonde Estuary, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa |
Unknown |
- dam construction is altering river flows
- flood events into estuaries
|
Tahina spectabilis |
Suicide palm Dimaka |
Plant |
|
Analalava district, north-western Madagascar |
90 |
- fires
- logging
- agricultural developments
|
Telmatobufo bullocki |
Bullock's false toad |
Amphibian (frog) |
|
Nahuelbuta, Arauco Province, Chile |
Unknown |
- construction of hydro-electricity
|
Tokudaia muenninki |
Okinawa spiny rat |
Mammal (rodent) |
|
Okinawa Island, Japan |
Unknown |
- habitat loss
- predation by feral cats
|
Trigonostigma somphongsi |
Somphongs's rasbora |
Fish |
|
Mae Khlong basin, Thailand |
Unknown |
- farmland conversion and urbanization
|
Valencia letourneuxi |
|
Fish |
|
Southern Albania and Western Greece |
Unknown |
|
Voanioala gerardii |
Forest coconut |
Plant |
|
Masoala peninsula, Madagascar |
< 10 |
- deforestation
- harvesting for consumption of palm heart
|
Zaglossus attenboroughi |
Attenborough's echidna |
Mammal |
|
Cyclops Mountains, Papua Province, Indonesia |
Unknown |
- habitat modification and degradation
- logging
- agricultural encroachment shifting cultivation and hunting by local people
|