Theodor is a masculine given name. It is a German form of Theodore. It is also a variant of Teodor.

• Theodor Adorno, (1903–1969), German philosopher
• Theodor Aman, Romanian painter
• Theodor Blueger, Latvian professional ice hockey forward for the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL)
• Theodor Burghele, Romanian surgeon, President of the Romanian Academy
• Theodor Busse, German general during World War I and World War II
• Theodor Cazaban, Romanian writer
• Theodor Eicke, German SS general
• Theodor Fischer (fencer), German Olympic épée and foil fencer
• Theodor Fontane, (1819–1898), German writer
• Theodor Geisel, American writer and cartoonist, known by the pseudonym Dr. Seuss
• Theodor W. Hänsch (born 1940), German physicist
• Theodor Herzl, (1860–1904), Austrian-Hungary Jewish journalist and the founder of modern political Zionism
• Theodor Heuss, (1884–1963), German politician and publicist
• Theodor Innitzer, Austrian Catholic cardinal
• Theodor Kittelsen (1857–1914), Norwegian painter and illustrator
• Theodor "Teddy" Kollek (1911–2007), mayor of Jerusalem from 1965 to 1993
• Emil Theodor Kocher, Swiss medical researcher, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• Theodor Mommsen, (1817–1903), German writer and historian, Nobel Prize in Literature 1902 laureate
• Theodor Paleologu, Romanian politician
• Theodor Pallady, Romanian painter
• Theodor Rosetti, Romanian politician
• Theodor S. Slen (1885-1986), American judge, lawyer, and politician
• Theodor Stolojan, Romanian politician
• Theodor Svedberg, Swedish chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureate
• Theodor Șerbănescu, Romanian poet
• Theodor Zwinger, Swiss scholar
• Theodor Haraldsson, known by his stage name Theoz, Swedish influencer and singer

• Theodore (name)
• Teodor

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