Thermal treatment is any waste treatment technology that involves high temperatures in the processing of the waste feedstock. Commonly this involves the combustion of waste materials.

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Systems that are generally considered to be thermal treatment include:

• Cement kiln
• Gasification
• Incineration
• Mechanical heat treatment
• Pyrolysis
• Thermal depolymerization
• Waste autoclaves

• Anaerobic digestion
• List of solid waste treatment technologies
• Mechanical biological treatment
• Waste-to-energy
• Pyrolysis