Third_party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election

Third party and independent candidates for the 2020 United States presidential election

Third party and independent candidates for the 2020 United States presidential election

Review of the topic

This article lists third-party and independent candidates, also jointly known as minor candidates, associated with the 2020 United States presidential election.

Quick Facts Nominee, Party ...

"Third party" is a term commonly used in the United States in reference to political parties other than the Democratic and Republican parties. An independent candidate is one not affiliated with any political party.

The list of candidates whose names were printed on the ballot or who were accepted as write-in candidates varied by state. More than a hundred candidates were on the ballot or formally registered as write-in candidates in at least one state.[1]

All minor candidates combined received less than 2% of the national votes.[2]

Summary

Show/hide: [presidential candidates] [vice presidential candidates] [parties] [ballot access]

More information Presidential candidate, Joe Biden ...
More information Presidential candidate, Jade Simmons ...
More information Presidential candidate, Vice presidential candidate ...
More information Legend ...

Candidates who received more than 2,000 votes

The candidates below are listed in order of national vote totals.[2][lower-alpha 21]

Jo Jorgensen, Libertarian Party

Further information: 2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries and 2020 Libertarian National Convention

Libertarian candidate Jo Jorgensen was the only minor candidate to breach a million votes nationwide, getting more than 1 % of the national votes and more than the margin between the two major candidates, Donald Trump and Joe Biden, in several battleground states.[62][63] She was also the only minor candidate who was on the ballot in every state.

Ballot access by state
  On ballot
More information Jo Jorgensen, Spike Cohen ...
More information Jacob Hornberger, Vermin Supreme ...

Howie Hawkins, Green Party

Further information: 2020 Green Party presidential primaries and 2020 Green National Convention
Ballot access by state[lower-alpha 6]
  On ballot
  Write-in
More information Howie Hawkins, Angela Walker ...
More information Dario Hunter Officially recognized, Sedinam Moyowasifza-Curry ...

Rocky De La Fuente, Alliance Party

Ballot access by state
  On ballot
  Write-in
More information Rocky De La Fuente, Darcy Richardson ...
More information Max Abramson, Johannon Ben Zion ...

Gloria La Riva, Party for Socialism and Liberation

Ballot access by state
  On ballot
  Write-in
More information Gloria La Riva, Sunil Freeman ...

Kanye West, Birthday Party

Ballot access by state[lower-alpha 1]
  On ballot
  Write-in
More information Kanye West, Michelle Tidball ...

Don Blankenship, Constitution Party

Further information: 2020 Constitution Party presidential primaries and Constitution Party National Convention
Ballot access by state[lower-alpha 9]
  On ballot
  Write-in
More information Don Blankenship, William Mohr ...
More information Don Blankenship, Charles Kraut ...

Brock Pierce, independent

Ballot access by state
  On ballot
  Write-in
More information Brock Pierce, Karla Ballard ...

Brian Carroll, American Solidarity Party

Ballot access by state
  On ballot
  Write-in
More information Brian T. Carroll, Amar Patel ...
More information Joe Schriner, Joshua Perkins ...

Jade Simmons, independent

Ballot access by state
  On ballot
  Write-in
More information Jade Simmons, Claudeliah J. Roze ...

  Registered write-in   Unregistered write-in

More information State, Votes ...

Alyson Kennedy, Socialist Workers Party

Ballot access by state
  On ballot
  Write-in
More information Alyson Kennedy, Malcolm Jarrett ...

  Unregistered write-in

More information State, Votes ...

Bill Hammons, Unity Party

Ballot access by state
  On ballot
  Write-in
More information Bill Hammons, Eric Bodenstab ...

  Unregistered write-in

More information State, Votes ...

Jerome Segal, Bread and Roses

Ballot access by state
  On ballot
  Write-in
More information Jerome Segal, John de Graaf ...

  Unregistered write-in

More information State, Votes ...

Dario Hunter, Progressive Party

Ballot access by state
  On ballot
  Write-in
More information Dario Hunter, Dawn Neptune Adams ...

  Registered write-in   Unregistered write-in

More information State, Votes ...

Phil Collins, Prohibition Party

Ballot access by state
  On ballot
  Write-in
More information Phil Collins, Billy Joe Parker ...
More information First nominees, Bill Bayes ...

  Registered write-in   Unregistered write-in

More information State, Votes ...

Jesse Ventura, Green Party of Alaska

Ballot access by state
  On ballot
  Write-in
More information Jesse Ventura, Cynthia McKinney ...

  Registered write-in   Unregistered write-in

More information State, Votes ...

Mark Charles, independent

Ballot access by state
  On ballot
  Write-in
More information Mark Charles, Adrian Wallace ...

  Registered write-in   Unregistered write-in

More information State, Votes ...

Joe McHugh, independent

Ballot access by state
  On ballot
  Write-in
More information Joe McHugh, Elizabeth Storm ...

  Registered write-in   Unregistered write-in

More information State, Votes ...

Other votes

A few states counted write-in votes for anyone, including people who did not declare themselves candidates and even non-human entities.[117][118] In Vermont, write-in preferences included well-regarded politicians (including misspellings), celebrities, fictional characters, deities and a type of cheese.[119]

More information Candidate, Votes ...

In Nevada, the ballots included the option "None of These Candidates", which received 14,079 votes.[36]

Debates

Primaries

Early on March 4, 2020, the Free & Equal Elections Foundation held a debate at the Hilton Chicago Hotel. Various third-party candidates, as well as minor candidates affiliated with the Democratic and Republican parties attended.[120] Some, but not all, of the participants would go on to be their parties nominees.

More information 2020 Free & Equal debates, No. ...

General election

Two debates were held prior to the general election. The first was on October 8, 2020, in Denver, Colorado, with participation limited to candidates on the ballot in at least eight states.[121] A second debate with the same candidates occurred on October 24, 2020, in Cheyenne, Wyoming.[122]

More information 2020 Free & Equal debates, No. ...

Withdrawn candidates

Declined

Individuals in this section were the subject of speculation that they might run for president as an independent or minor party candidate for the 2020 election but later said that they would not.

See also

Notes

  1. In California, Kanye West was nominated by the American Independent Party as Rocky De La Fuente's vice presidential candidate, without either candidate's consent.[3]
  2. The party's original vice presidential candidate was Leonard Peltier, who withdrew for health reasons[4] but remained listed in Illinois, Minnesota and Texas.
  3. In some states, some candidates were listed as independent or unaffiliated rather than their political party or label.
  4. Also nominated by the Working Families Party in New York. Additional nomination by the Independent Party of Oregon was not listed on the ballot.[5]
  5. Also nominated by the Conservative Party in New York.
  6. In Alaska, the Green Party nominated Jesse Ventura and Cynthia McKinney instead of the national candidates Howie Hawkins and Angela Walker, who then registered in that state as write-in candidates representing the Socialist Party USA. In Rhode Island, the Green Party refused to nominate a presidential candidate to the ballot.[6]
  7. Nominated by the American Independent Party in California (with Kanye West for vice president), the Reform Party in Florida, and the Natural Law Party in Michigan.
  8. Nominated by the Peace and Freedom Party in California, and the Liberty Union Party in Vermont.
  9. In New Mexico, the Constitution Party nominated Sheila "Samm" Tittle and David Carl Sandidge instead of the national candidates. In Alaska, Sheila "Samm" Tittle and John Wagner registered as a write-in candidates representing the Constitution Party in addition to the party's nomination of the national candidates to the ballot. In Arizona, where the Constitution Party did not have ballot access, Daniel Clyde Cummings and Ryan Huber registered as a write-in candidates representing the party instead of the national candidates.
  10. Nominated by the American Shopping Party in Hawaii, and the Independence Party in New York. Registered with label Freedom and Prosperity in Louisiana.
  11. May have received write-in votes, which were not reported individually and are included in others.
  12. This table reflects the results certified by the state, which recorded fewer votes in Fulton County than those reported by the county.[18]
  13. Write-in votes unofficially compiled from results reported by local governments. Included in others.
  14. Write-in votes unofficially compiled from results reported by counties.[39] Not included in totals.
  15. Additionally 14,049 write-in votes unofficially compiled from results reported by counties,[39] not included in totals.
  16. Write-in votes reported by the Federal Election Commission. May have received more write-in votes included in others.
  17. Result certified by the state, which did not include 422 write-in votes for this candidate reported by Harris County.[53]
  18. In Florida, Melissa Nixon was listed as Jade Simmons's vice presidential candidate.
  19. In Alaska, John Wagner was listed as Sheila "Samm" Tittle's vice presidential candidate.
  20. The Prohibition Party previously nominated Connie L. Gammon for president and Phil Collins for vice president. After Connie L. Gammon withdrew, the party nominated Phil Collins for president and Billy Joe Parker for vice president. In Arkansas, both sets of candidates remained listed on the ballot.
  21. The results certified by Texas recorded 1,866 write-in votes for candidate President R19 Boddie in Bexar County,[52] while the county reported that number as the total of all write-in votes for president and no vote for that candidate.[61] These disputed votes are included in the numbers shown in the table in this article, but disconsidered for ordering the candidates and for inclusion in the main section.
  22. Unofficially compiled from results reported by the state. Included in others.
  23. In Vermont, Taja Yvonne Iwanow was listed as Kyle Kopitke's vice presidential candidate.
  24. Registered as write-in candidates representing the Republican Party in addition to the party's nomination of the national candidates to the ballot.
  25. In Minnesota, James Edward McFadden was listed as Marcus Sykes's vice presidential candidate.
  26. Karen M. Short was listed as Sharon Wallace's vice presidential candidate in Maryland, but they were listed as separate candidates in the District of Columbia.
  27. Registered as write-in candidates representing the Democratic Party in addition to the party's nomination of the national candidates to the ballot.
  28. The Legal Marijuana Now Party originally nominated Mark Elsworth and later Rudy Reyes for president but in August decided to nominate Hawkins.[76]
  29. Official recognition by the Green Party is needed in order to receive its nomination.
  30. Myers was only on the ballot in Idaho, and did not participate in the National Convention.
  31. Adrian Wallace replaced original vice-presidential nominee Sedinam Moyowasifza-Curry, who was removed from the campaign for unknown reasons.[113]

References

  1. [1]
    "The Green Papers: 2020 General Election – Presidential Candidate Ballot Access by State – Sorted by On Ballot". The Green Papers. December 1, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  2. [2]
    "Federal Elections 2020" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. October 2022.
  3. [3]
    Column: Roque De La Fuente-Kanye West ticket in California is one for the ages, The San Diego Union-Tribune, October 21, 2020.
  4. [4]
    Winger, Richard (August 2, 2020). "Party for Socialism & Liberation Alters its Vice-Presidential Nominee". Ballot Access News. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
  5. [5]
    Official ballot, Multnomah County, OR, November 3, 2020, Multnomah County Elections Division.
  6. [6]
    R.I. Green Party won't run a presidential candidate, Uprise RI, May 29, 2020.
  7. [7]
    General Election Results November 3, 2020, Alabama Secretary of State.
    Section 17-6-27: Write-in votes; listing of independent candidates; form of ballots, Code of Alabama, Alabama Legislature.
  8. [8]
    "Election Summary Report" (PDF). Alaska Division of Elections. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
    November 3, 2020 general election candidate list Archived October 2, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Alaska Division of Elections, October 29, 2020.
  9. [9]
    State of Arizona Official Canvass, Arizona Secretary of State.
  10. [10]
    "November 3, 2020 2020 General Election and Nonpartisan Judicial Runoff". Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  11. [11]
    Statement of Vote, California Secretary of State.
  12. [12]
    "November 3, 2020 2020 General Election". Retrieved December 9, 2020.
    2020 general election candidate list, Colorado Secretary of State, October 2, 2020.
  13. [13]
    "2020 Presidential Election". Connecticut Secretary of State. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
  14. [14]
    "Election Results". State of Delaware – Department of Elections. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
    General election 11/03/2020, declared write-in candidates by office, Delaware Department of Elections, September 29, 2020.
  15. [15]
    "General Election 2020 – Certified Results". District of Columbia Board of Elections. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
    Response to Freedom of Information Act Request, District of Columbia Board of Elections, December 1, 2020.
  16. [16]
    "November 3, 2020 General Election". Florida Department of State. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
  17. [17]
    November 3, 2020 Presidential Recount, Georgia Secretary of State.
    Certified Write-In Candidate Vote Totals, November 3, 2020 General Election, Georgia Secretary of State.
  18. [18]
    Election Summary Report, Fulton County, Georgia, General Election Recount, November 03, 2020, Fulton County, December 12, 2020.
  19. [19]
    "General Election 2020 – State of Hawaii" (PDF). State of Hawaii Office of Elections. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
  20. [20]
    2020 General Election Results – Statewide, Idaho Secretary of State.
  21. [21]
    Official canvass, general election, November 3, 2020 Archived September 6, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, Illinois State Board of Elections.
  22. [22]
    Indiana Election Results, Indiana Election Division.
  23. [23]
    Election Canvass Summary, Iowa Secretary of State.
    Election laws of Iowa 2019, General Assembly of Iowa.
  24. [24]
    2020 General Election Official Vote Totals, Kansas Secretary of State.
    Write-in candidates for president and vice president, Kansas Secretary of State, November 2, 2020.
    Kansas releases write-in totals for declared presidential write-in candidates, Ballot Access News, February 5, 2021.
  25. [25]
    2020 General Election Results, Kentucky Secretary of State.
  26. [26]
    "Tues Nov 3 2020 Official Results". Louisiana Secretary of State. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
  27. [27]
    Tabulations for Elections held in 2020, Maine Secretary of State.
    Declared write-in candidates, Bureau of Corporations, Elections and Commissions, September 4, 2020.
  28. [28]
    Official 2020 Presidential General Election results for President and Vice President of the United States, Maryland State Board of Elections.
  29. [29]
    2020 President General Election, Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
    Write-in candidates for president, Elections Division of Massachusetts, October 15, 2020.
  30. [30]
    "2020 Michigan Election Results". The Office of Secretary of State Jocelyn Benson. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
  31. [31]
    State of Minnesota Canvassing Report, Minnesota Secretary of State.
  32. [32]
    Election Summary Report, Mississippi Secretary of State, December 4, 2020.
  33. [33]
    "General Election, November 03, 2020". Missouri Secretary of State. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  34. [34]
    "Official Election Results". Montana Secretary of State - Christi Jacobsen. Montana Secretary of State. February 22, 2018. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
  35. [35]
    Official Report of the Nebraska Board of State Canvassers, General Election, November 3, 2020, Nebraska Secretary of State.
    Write-in candidates for president, Elections Division of Nebraska, October 27, 2020.
  36. [36]
    "Silver State 2020 Election Results". Nevada Secretary of State. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
  37. [37]
    Certificate of Ascertainment, New Hampshire Secretary of State, December 2, 2020.
    2020 General Election, New Hampshire Secretary of State.
    Title LXIII, Elections; Chapter 659, Election procedure, New Hampshire Statutes, General Court of New Hampshire.
  38. [38]
    "Official List" (PDF). Retrieved December 8, 2020.
    Title 19 – Elections, 19:20-1 – 19:29-14, New Jersey Statutes Annotated, New Jersey Department of State.
  39. [39]
    Nixon, Rick Astley, 'Ur mom' – 13K NJ voters skipped Biden and Trump and wrote these in instead, NorthJersey.com, November 27, 2020.
    Countywide Summary Results Report, 2020 Atlantic County General Election, November 3, 2020, Atlantic County Clerk, November 17, 2020.
    2020 General Election Official Results, Bergen County Board of Elections, November 20, 2020.
    November 3, 2020 Summary Report, Burlington County Board of Elections, November 23, 2020.
    Write-In Report, Camden County Board of Elections.
    2020 General Election – November 3, 2020, Cape May County Election Departments.
    Election Results, Cumberland County Clerk.
    General Election, November 3, 2020, Gloucester County.
    General Election, November 3, 2020, Hudson County.
    Election Summary Report, General Election, November 3, 2020, Hunterdon County Clerk, November 19, 2020.
    General Election, November 3, 2020, Mercer County Clerk.
    Election Results 2020, Middlesex County.
    November 3, 2020 General Election, Monmouth County Clerk.
    General Election, November 3, 2020, Morris County Clerk.
    2020 General Election, November 3, 2020, Ocean County Clerk.
    November 3, 2020 Summary Report, Passaic County Board of Elections, November 20, 2020.
    Salem General 2020, Salem County Clerk, November 25, 2020.
    General Election, November 3, 2020, Somerset County Clerk.
    Official Results, Sussex County Clerk, November 21, 2020.
    General Election, November 3, 2020, Union County Clerk.
    Official Results, 2020 General Election, Warren County Clerk, November 20, 2020.
  40. [40]
    "Official Results 2020 General November 3, 2020". New Mexico Secretary of State. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
  41. [41]
    2020 Election Results, New York State Board of Elections, July 28, 2021.
  42. [42]
    November 03, 2020 General Election Results by Contest, North Carolina State Board of Elections.
  43. [43]
    "Official 2020 General Election Results". ND Voices. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
    Write-in candidates for president, North Dakota Secretary of State, October 20, 2020.
  44. [44]
    "2020 Official Election Results". Frank LaRose, Ohio Secretary of State. Archived from the original on June 9, 2020. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
  45. [45]
    "OK Election Results". Retrieved December 2, 2020.
  46. [46]
    November 3, 2020, General Election Abstract of Votes, Oregon Secretary of State.
    State candidate manual, Oregon Secretary of State, February 2020.
  47. [47]
    Department of State Certifies Presidential Election Results, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, November 24, 2020.
    Pennsylvania Election Code, Pennsylvania General Assembly.
  48. [48]
    "Election Results". State of Rhode Island. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
    Frequently asked questions, Rhode Island Department of State.
  49. [49]
    "2020 Statewide General Election". South Carolina Election Commission. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
  50. [50]
    General Election – November 3, 2020, South Dakota Secretary of State.
  51. [51]
    November 3, 2020 State General, Tennessee Secretary of State.
  52. [52]
    "Texas Election Results". Retrieved December 2, 2020.
  53. [53]
    Longoria, Isabel. "Harris County, Texas – General and Special Elections – November 3, 2020". Retrieved December 2, 2020.
  54. [54]
    Statewide Canvass for the November 3, 2020 General Election, State of Utah.
  55. [55]
    "Election Results". Vermont Secretary of State. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
    2020 Vermont presidential candidate information, Vermont Secretary of State.
  56. [56]
    "2020 November General". Archived from the original on January 2, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
    Write-in candidates for president/vice president, Virginia Department of Elections.
  57. [57]
    November 3, 2020 General Election Results, Washington Secretary of State.
    Write-in candidates for president, Washington Secretary of State, November 6, 2020.
  58. [58]
    Certificate of Ascertainment, West Virginia Secretary of State, December 9, 2020.
  59. [59]
    "WEC Canvass Reporting System" (PDF). Wisconsin Elections Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 12, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
  60. [60]
    "Statewide Candidates Official Summary" (PDF). Retrieved December 2, 2020.
    2020 Wyoming election code, Wyoming Secretary of State.
  61. [61]
    Certified Summary Results Report, Bexar County, Texas.
  62. [62]
    Was Libertarian candidate Jo Jorgensen a 'spoiler' for Trump?, The Guardian, November 8, 2020.
  63. [63]
    Jo Jorgensen heading toward second-best result in Libertarian Party history, Reason, November 4, 2020.
  64. [64]
    Winger, Richard (May 23, 2020). "Jo Jorgensen Wins Libertarian Presidential Nomination on Fourth Vote". Ballot Access News. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  65. [65]
    "LNC Convention Day 2". YouTube. Libertarian Party of the United States. May 23, 2020. Retrieved May 23, 2020.
  66. [66]
    Winger, Richard (May 23, 2020). "Libertarian Party Second Round of Presidential Voting". Ballot Access News. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  67. [67]
    Frankel, Paul (May 23, 2020). "President first ballot". Independent Political Report. Retrieved May 23, 2020.
  68. [68]
    Winger, Richard (May 23, 2020). "Libertarian Party First Round of Presidential Votes". Ballot Access News. Retrieved May 23, 2020.
  69. [69]
    Weigel, David (May 17, 2020). "Rep. Justin Amash says he won't run for president". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  70. [70]
    @ToddHagopian (April 29, 2020). "Todd Hagopian" (Tweet). Retrieved April 29, 2020 – via Twitter.
  71. [71]
    Kalunian, Kim (April 5, 2020). "Chafee drops out of presidential race". WPRI. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
  72. [72]
    Saturn, William (March 21, 2020). "Max Abramson No Longer a Libertarian Party Member, Not Running for President". Independent Political Report. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
  73. [73]
    "Ruff for President". Ruff/Phillips 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
  74. [74]
    Nam, Rafael (June 21, 2020). "Howie Hawkins clinches Green Party's nomination after primary wins". The Hill. Retrieved June 23, 2020.
  75. [75]
    Winger, Richard (July 11, 2020). "Green Party Nominates Howie Hawkins for President on First Ballot". Ballot Access News. Retrieved July 11, 2020.
  76. [76]
    Winger, Richard (March 12, 2020). "Nebraska Legal Marijuana Now Party Leader Wins Democratic Congressional Nomination". Ballot Access News. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
  77. [77]
    Hawkins, Howie [@HowieHawkins] (August 24, 2020). "Thank you to the members of the Legal Marijuana Now Party of Minnesota for their endorsement! It's time to legalize marijuana and end the war on drugs! Welcome to our growing #LeftUnity campaign! #LegalizeIt Read about our marijuana and drug policies at https://howiehawkins.us/legalize-marijuana-and-end-the-war-on-drugs/" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  78. [78]
    Brightwell, Erin (August 13, 2020). "Trump in Trouble and Biden in Hiding: 2020 Presidential Elections". Retrieved August 21, 2020.
  79. [79]
    Hawkins, Howie [@HowieHawkins] (August 21, 2020). "We are honored to have @SocialistAlt joining our #LeftUnity campaign! Don't let your voice get lost in the sauce and your vote taken for granted. Vote your values! Vote #HawkinsWalker Read more at https://hawkins20.us/SAlt" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  80. [80]
    Socialist Party USA [@SPofUSA] (October 26, 2019). "The Socialist Party is excited to announce Howie Hawkins as its presidential nominee for the 2020 election!" (Tweet). Retrieved October 26, 2019 – via Twitter.
  81. [81]
    "Youngstown Board of Education member announces he's running for president". Wkbn.com. February 19, 2019. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved March 19, 2019.
  82. [82]
    Mercado, Fernando (December 22, 2018). "2020 Green Party primary candidates and speculation". Independent Political Report. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
  83. [83]
    "Dennis Lambert's Biography". votesmart.org. 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2019.
  84. [84]
    Andrews, John; Everette, Sarah (February 24, 2020). "Officially recognized as a candidate". Green Party of the United States. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  85. [85]
    Winger, Richard (April 25, 2020). "Alliance Party Nominates National Ticket". Ballot Access News. Retrieved May 4, 2020.
  86. [86]
    "Reform Party Nominates Roque "Rocky" De La Fuente for President, He Was Their Nominee in 2016, and Is Also the Alliance Party Nominee". AP News. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
  87. [87]
    Saturn, William (June 13, 2020). "Reform Party Elects New Chairman, Postpones Convention Before Presidential Nomination". Independent Political Report. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
  88. [88]
    La Riva, Gloria (September 25, 2019). "Party for Socialism and Liberation launches 2020 presidential campaign". Party for Socialism and Liberation. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
  89. [89]
    Winger, Richard (August 2, 2020). "Party for Socialism & Liberation Alters its Vice-Presidential Nominee". Ballot Access News. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
  90. [90]
    McIntyre, Hugh (July 4, 2020). "Kanye West Announces He's Running For President". Forbes. Retrieved July 5, 2020.
  91. [91]
    Lane, Randall (July 8, 2020). "Kanye West Says He's Done With Trump—Opens Up About White House Bid, Damaging Biden And Everything In Between". Forbes. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  92. [92]
    Winger, Richard (May 2, 2020). "Constitution Party Nominates Don Blankenship for President on Second Ballot". Ballot Access News. Retrieved May 2, 2020.
  93. [93]
    Winger, Richard (July 7, 2020). "Brock Pierce Files as an Independent Presidential Candidate with the FEC". Ballot Access News. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  94. [94]
    "Entrepreneur, Karla Ballard, Joins Brock Pierce for President as Vice President". PR Newswire. July 20, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  95. [95]
    Winger, Richard (August 4, 2020). "American Shopping Party Nominates Brock Pierce for President". Ballot Access News. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
  96. [96]
    Winger, Richard (August 25, 2020). "New York Independence Party Nominates Brock Pierce for President". Ballot Access News. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
  97. [97]
    "FEC Form 2" (PDF). FEC.gov. October 1, 2019.
  98. [98]
    Carroll, Brian (April 2, 2019). "April 5, 2019 Preview". YouTube. Retrieved April 15, 2019.
  99. [99]
    "Party History". American Solidarity Party. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
  100. [100]
    "Native Charlestonian Jade Simmons Running For President 2020". The Charleston Chronicle. July 9, 2020. Archived from the original on July 16, 2020.
  101. [101]
    "Claudeliah's Story". jadesimmons.mykajabi.com. Archived from the original on October 4, 2020. Retrieved September 26, 2020.
  102. [102]
    "Meet the SWP candidates: Alyson Kennedy & Malcolm Jarrett". Vol. 85, no. 5. The Militant. February 1, 2020. Retrieved February 16, 2020.
  103. [103]
    Shinneman, Shawn (February 5, 2020). "Behold the Dallas-Based Underdog Candidate of the 2020 Presidential Election". D Magazine. Retrieved February 16, 2020.
  104. [104]
    Bodenstab, Eric (March 23, 2020). "Hammons Declares For President & Bodenstab Declares For VP". Bill for President. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
  105. [105]
    Winger, Richard (April 30, 2020). "Bread and Roses Party Chooses Vice-Presidential Nominee". Ballot Access News. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
  106. [106]
    "2020 General Election Candidate List". Colorado Secretary of State. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  107. [107]
    Winger, Richard (August 25, 2020). "Progressive Party of Oregon Nominates Dario Hunter for President". Ballot Access News. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
  108. [108]
    "Presidential Candidate". Prohibition Party. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
  109. [109]
    Winger, Richard (November 14, 2018). "Prohibition Party nominates national ticket for 2020". Ballot Access News.
  110. [110]
    Winger, Richard (March 31, 2019). "Prohibition Party 2020 Presidential Nominee Withdraws". Ballot Access News.
  111. [111]
    Makeley, Jonathon (April 2019). "Prohibition National Committee Meets: Gammon and Collins Selected as Presidential ticket". Independent Political Report.
  112. [112]
    Winger, Richard (August 2, 2019). "Prohibition Party Presidential Nominee Resigns from Ticket for Health Reasons". Ballot Access News.
  113. [113]
    "Press Release: August 14th, 2020". Mark Charles 2020. August 14, 2020. Archived from the original on October 8, 2020. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
  114. [114]
    Bennet-Begay, Jourdan (May 30, 2019). "'Yá'át'tééh ... I am running for president'". Indian Country Today.
  115. [115]
    "Meet the VP". Mark Charles 2020. Archived from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
  116. [116]
    "November 3, 2020 General Election Candidate List". Alaska Division of Elections. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved August 19, 2020.
  117. [117]
    Austermuhle, Martin. "Fauci, Pope Francis, Bart Simpson, And Gritty: Here Are Some Of The Write-In Votes D.C. Residents Cast This Year". DC list. WAMU 88.5, American University Radio. Archived from the original on December 19, 2020. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
  118. [118]
    Fiorillo, Victor (December 2, 2020). "Poor Gritty Only Got One Vote for President in Philly". Philadelphia Magazine.
  119. [119]
    Gartsbeyn, Mark. "Here's a complete taxonomy of every single write-in vote from Vermont". Boston. Boston Globe. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  120. [120]
    "First Open Presidential Debate 2020". Free and Equal Elections Foundation. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
  121. [121]
    "Second Open Presidential Debate 2020". Free and Equal Elections Foundation. Archived from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
  122. [122]
    "Third Open Presidential Debate 2020". Free and Equal Elections Foundation. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  123. [123]
    "Veterans Party". Ballotpedia. Retrieved April 29, 2020.
  124. [124]
    Saturn, William (May 3, 2020). "Max Abramson Seeking 2020 Presidential Nomination of the Veterans Party of America". Independent Political Report. Retrieved May 14, 2020.
  125. [125]
    @RepAbramson (August 22, 2020). "The Veterans Party of America's ExecComm decided not to hold a national convention this year and not to run a candidate. They made this announcement on July 31st" (Tweet). Retrieved September 5, 2020 – via Twitter.
  126. [126]
    @RepAbramson (August 8, 2020). "I'm afraid that their decision ended my presidential bid and the hopes of bringing our troops home from the Middle East" (Tweet). Retrieved September 5, 2020 – via Twitter.
  127. [127]
    "2020 Election Information". New Hampshire Secretary of State. August 21, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
  128. [128]
    Saturn, William (April 11, 2020). "Darcy Richardson Discusses the Alliance Party". Independent Political Report. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
  129. [129]
    Richardson, Darcy G. (April 26, 2020). "Yes, we're seeking the Reform Party nomination with Rocky at the head of the ticket". Ballot Access News. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  130. [130]
    Kelleher, Kevin (January 29, 2019). "Michael Bloomberg: An Independent Presidential Candidate in 2020 Would 'End Up Re-Electing' Trump". Fortune. Retrieved April 10, 2020.
  131. [131]
    Oprysko, Caitlyn; Durkin, Erin (March 4, 2020). "Bloomberg drops out of presidential race, endorses Biden". Politico. Retrieved April 10, 2020.
  132. [132]
    Pete Blackburn (April 12, 2020). "Mavericks owner Mark Cuban says he won't rule out running for president". CBS. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  133. [133]
    Zack Budryk (June 4, 2020). "Mark Cuban says he's decided not to run for president". The Hill. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  134. [134]
    Merica, Dan (October 18, 2019). "Hillary Clinton suggests Russians are 'grooming' Tulsi Gabbard for third-party run". CNN. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
  135. [135]
    Jester, Julia (March 20, 2020). "Tulsi Gabbard ends presidential run, endorses Biden". NBC News. Retrieved April 6, 2020.
  136. [136]
    "Who are the independents who might run for president in 2020?". CBS News. November 6, 2017. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
  137. [137]
    Durkee, Alison (May 31, 2019). "John Kasich Throws in the Towel, Admits It's Trumps' party now". Vanity Fair. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
  138. [138]
    Stracqualursi, Veronica (September 6, 2019). "Howard Schultz drops plans to run as independent candidate in 2020". CNN. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
  139. [139]
    Higgins, Tucker (September 14, 2020). "Former Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz, who considered 2020 presidential bid, endorses Joe Biden". CNBC. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
  140. [140]
    Allassan, Fadel (October 23, 2019). "Dick's CEO Ed Stack reportedly testing a 2020 presidential bid". Axios. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
  141. [141]
    Bakst, Brian (November 16, 2019). "Ventura lets hype build about possible 2020 run". MPR News. Retrieved April 6, 2020.
  142. [142]
    Saturn, William (May 10, 2020). "Jesse Ventura Officially Declares He Will Not Run for President in 2020". Independent Political Report. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
  143. [143]
    Clark, Ryan (May 5, 2020). "Jesse Ventura No Longer Seeking Green Party Nomination for President". E-Wrestling News. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  144. [144]
    Release, Green Party of Alaska Press (September 2020). "Green Party Of Alaska Rejects National Candidate, Nominates Jesse Ventura". The Anchorage Press. Retrieved September 2, 2020.
  145. [145]
    Garcia, Victor (October 17, 2019). "Marianne Williamson rules out third party run, vows to get behind Democratic nominee". Fox News.
  146. [146]
    Perano, Ursula (February 24, 2020). "Marianne Williamson endorses Bernie Sanders". Axios. Retrieved February 24, 2020.
  147. [147]
    Otterbein, Holly (August 19, 2020). "Marianne Williamson is back — to talk about forming a third party". Politico. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  148. [148]
    Amy B. Wang (October 21, 2019). "Andrew Yang rules out minor party or independent run if he's not the Democratic nominee". The Washington Post.
  149. [149]
    LeBlanc, Paul (March 11, 2020). "Andrew Yang endorses Joe Biden for president". CNN. Retrieved April 6, 2020.
Share this article:

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Third_party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.