Thomas Aloysius Finlay (17 September 1922 – 3 December 2017) was an Irish judge, politician and barrister who served as Chief Justice of Ireland and a Judge of the Supreme Court from 1985 to 1994, President of the High Court from 1974 to 1985 and a Judge of the High Court from 1971 to 1985. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin South-Central constituency from 1954 to 1957.^[1]

He was the second son of Thomas Finlay, a politician and senior counsel whose career was cut short by his early death in 1932.^[2] He was educated at Clongowes Wood College, University College Dublin (UCD) and King's Inns. While attending UCD, he was elected Auditor of the University College Dublin Law Society. His older brother, William Finlay (1921–2010), was a governor of the Bank of Ireland.

He was called to the Bar in 1944, practicing on the Midlands circuit and became a senior counsel in 1961.^[3]

He was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fine Gael TD for the Dublin South-Central constituency at the 1954 general election^[4] He lost his seat at the 1957 general election.^[5]

Following his exit from politics in 1957, having lost his Dáil seat, he resumed practicing as a barrister. He successfully defended Captain James Kelly in the infamous 1970 arms trial.^[6]

In 1971, he was tasked by the Fianna Fáil government with representing Ireland before the European Commission of Human Rights, when, in response to the ill treatment of detainees by security forces in Northern Ireland, they charged the British government with torture. Despite the notional recourse such prisoners would have within the British legal system, the Commission ruled the complaint admissible.

He was subsequently appointed a High Court judge and President of the High Court in January 1974. In 1985, Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald and his government nominated him to the Supreme Court and to the office of Chief Justice of Ireland. On 10 October 1985, he was appointed by President Patrick Hillery to both roles.

In this period he presided over a number of landmark cases, including the X case in 1992, when he overturned a High Court injunction preventing a pregnant teenage rape victim travelling to the UK for an abortion.

When, in the same year, Judge Liam Hamilton of the High Court, chair of the Beef Tribunal, sought disclosure of the cabinet's minutes for a particular meeting, Chief Justice Finlay along with the majority of the Supreme Court denied the request ruling that the concept of collective government responsibility in the Constitution took precedence.

He announced his resignation as Chief Justice of Ireland, and retirement as a judge in 1994.

After his retirement, he presided over a number of public inquiries.

He was married to Alice Blayney, who predeceased him in 2012. They had five children,^[2] two of whom followed in his family's legal tradition; his son John being a Senior Counsel and his daughter Mary Finlay Geoghegan a former judge of the High Court, Court of Appeal and Supreme Court. Whenever his work schedule allowed, he would escape to County Mayo where he could indulge his passion for fishing.^[17]

Thomas Finlay died on 3 December 2017, aged 95.^[18][2]

• Irish Times Obituary: Thomas Finlay, a considerate, patient and shrewd chief justice (Irish Times 6 December 2017)
• A man of common sense rather than abstract principle (Irish Times 18 October 1996)
• Former Chief Justices of the Irish Supreme Court
• Report of the Tribunal of Inquiry into the Blood Transfusion Service Board (1997)