Thomas v. Review Board of the Indiana Employment Security Division, 450 U.S. 707 (1981), was a case^[1] in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that Indiana's denial of unemployment compensation benefits to petitioner violated his First Amendment right to free exercise of religion, under Sherbert v. Verner (1963).^[2]

This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. (November 2019)

Quick Facts Thomas v. Review Board of the Indiana Employment Security Division, Argued October 7, 1980 Decided April 6, 1981 ...

Thomas v. Review Board of the Indiana Employment Security Division
Supreme Court of the United States
Argued October 7, 1980 Decided April 6, 1981
Full case name	Thomas v. Review Board of the Indiana Employment Security Division et al.
Citations	450 U.S. 707 (more) 101 S. Ct. 1425; 67 L. Ed. 2d 624; 1981 U.S. LEXIS 11
Case history
Prior	Decision of the State Employment Security Review Board reversed, 381 N.E.2d 888 (Ind. Ct. App. 1978); reversed, 271 Ind. 233, 391 N.E.2d 1127 (1979); cert. granted, 444 U.S. 1070 (1980).
Holding
"The State's denial of unemployment compensation benefits to petitioner violated his First Amendment right to free exercise of religion..."[1]
Court membership
Chief Justice Warren E. Burger Associate Justices William J. Brennan Jr. · Potter Stewart Byron White · Thurgood Marshall Harry Blackmun · Lewis F. Powell Jr. William Rehnquist · John P. Stevens
Case opinions
Majority	Burger, joined by Brennan, Stewart, White, Marshall, Powell, Stevens; Blackmun (Parts I, II, III)
Concurrence	Blackmun (concurring in part and concurring in the result)
Dissent	Rehnquist
Laws applied
U.S. Const. amend. I

Close

Thomas, a Jehovah's Witness, was initially hired to work in his employer's roll foundry, which fabricated sheet steel for a variety of industrial uses, but when the foundry was closed, he was transferred to a department that fabricated turrets for military tanks. Since all of the employer's remaining departments were engaged directly in the production of weapons, petitioner asked to be laid off. When that request was denied, he quit, asserting that his religious beliefs prevented him from participating in the production of weapons. He was denied unemployment compensation benefits under the Indiana Employment Security Act.

At an administrative hearing, Thomas testified that he believed that contributing to the production of arms violated his religion, but he could, in good conscience, engage indirectly in the production of materials that might be used ultimately to fabricate arms. The hearing referee found that petitioner had terminated his employment because of his religious convictions but held that petitioner was not entitled to benefits because his voluntary termination was not based upon a "good cause [arising] in connection with [his] work," as required by the Indiana statute.

The Review Board of the Indiana Employment Security Division affirmed, but the Indiana Court of Appeals reversed, holding that the Indiana statute, as applied, improperly burdened petitioner's right to the free exercise of his religion. The Indiana Supreme Court vacated on petitioner's free exercise right, the burden justified by legitimate state interests.

The majority held that Indiana's denial of unemployment compensation violated Thomas' right to free exercise of religion.

• List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 450