Thymus_serpyllum

<i>Thymus serpyllum</i>

Thymus serpyllum

Species of plant

This article is about a species of thyme plant. For a discussion of culinary and medicinal uses of thyme, see Thyme.
"Creeping thyme," "elfin thyme," and "wild thyme" redirect here. In some places, these names refer to Thymus praecox.

Quick Facts Thymus serpyllum, Scientific classification ...

Thymus serpyllum, known by the common names of Breckland thyme,[3] Breckland wild thyme, wild thyme, creeping thyme, or elfin thyme, is a species of flowering plant in the mint family Lamiaceae, native to most of Europe and North Africa. It is a low, usually prostrate subshrub growing to 2 cm (1 in) tall with creeping stems up to 10 cm (4 in) long. The oval evergreen leaves are 3–8 mm long. The strongly scented flowers are either lilac, pink-purple, magenta, or a rare white, all 4–6 mm long and produced in clusters. The hardy plant tolerates some pedestrian traffic and produces odors ranging from heavily herbal to lightly lemon, depending on the variety.

Description

Wild thyme is a creeping dwarf evergreen shrub with woody stems and a taproot. It forms matlike plants that root from the nodes of the squarish, limp stems. The leaves are in opposite pairs, nearly stalkless, with linear elliptic round-tipped blades and untoothed margins. The plant sends up erect flowering shoots in summer. The usually pink or mauve flowers have a tube-like calyx and an irregular straight-tubed, hairy corolla. The upper petal is notched and the lower one is larger than the two lateral petals and has three flattened lobes which form a lip. Each flower has four projecting stamens and two fused carpels. The fruit is a dry, four-chambered schizocarp.[4]

Distribution and habitat

Wild thyme is native to the Palearctic realm of Europe and Asia. It is a plant of thin soils and can be found growing on sandy-soiled heaths, rocky outcrops, hills, banks, roadsides and riverside sand banks. Wild thyme is one of the plants on which both the common blue butterfly and large blue butterfly larvae feed and it is also attractive to bees.[4][5]

Chemistry

The oils of T. serpyllum contain thymol, carvacrol, limonene, paracymene, gamma-terpinene and beta-caryophyllene.[6]

Cultivation

Creeping and mounding variants of T. serpyllum are used as border plants and ground cover around gardens and stone paths. It may also be used to replace a bluegrass lawn to xeriscape low to moderate foot traffic areas due to its tolerance for low water and poor soils.[7][8][9]

Several cultivars have been produced, of which 'Pink Chintz' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[10][11] A miniature creeping form is 'Elfin'.[12]

Illustrations

[13]

References

  1. [1]
    Linnaeus. Sp. Pl. 590 1753.
  2. [2]
    "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species".
  3. [3]
    Schauer, Thomas (1978). A Field Guide to the Wild Flowers of Britain and Europe, Collins, London, p. 184. ISBN 0-00-219257-8.
  4. [4]
    "Breckland Thyme: Thymus serpyllum". NatureGate. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  5. [5]
    Eva Penn-Smith, Caterpillar food plants (PDF)
  6. [6]
    Debaggio, Thomas; Tucker, Arthur O. (2009). The Encyclopedia of Herbs. p. 482. ISBN 9781604691344. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  7. [7]
    "Thyme, the Fragrant Ground Cover". Fine Gardening. 25 April 2014.
  8. [8]
    "Planting and Maintaining a Thyme Lawn". GardenGuides.
  9. [9]
    "What is Xeriscape Nothing More Than Seven Common Gasrdening Principals". Archived from the original on 15 May 2010. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
  10. [10]
    "RHS Plant Selector - Thymus serpyllum 'Pink Chintz'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  11. [11]
    "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 102. Retrieved 23 December 2018.
  12. [12]
    "Elfin Thyme Care – How Do I Plant Elfin Thyme In The Garden". Gardening Know How. April 2021.
  13. [13]
    Caterpillar food plants
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