Timeline_of_Belgian_history

Timeline of Belgian history

Add article description

This is a timeline of Belgian history, including important legal and territorial changes and political events in Belgium and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Belgium. See also the list of Belgian monarchs.

Centuries BC: 1st · Centuries AD: 1st · 2nd · 3rd · 4th · 5th · 6th · 7th · 8th · 9th · 10th · 11th · 12th · 13th · 14th · 15th · 16th · 17th · 18th · 19th · 20th · 21st · Further: See also · References · Further reading

Share this article:

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Timeline_of_Belgian_history, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[Kroniek-1] [1]
Alain de Gueldre et al., Kroniek van België (Antwerp and Zaventem, 1987).

[2] [2]
Fred Stevens and Axel Tixhon, L'Histoire de la Belgique pour les nuls (Paris, 2010), p. 31.

[Pirenne1-3] [3]
Henri Pirenne, Geschiedenis van België, vol. 1 Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine (Ghent, 1902).

[4] [4]
J. Dury and J.-P. Delville, "Liège, 2: L’expansion généralisée du christianisme (viie siècle)", in Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie ecclésiastiques, vol. 32 (Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2015), 150–151.

[5] [5]
J. Keunen, "Lambertus", Nationaal Biografisch Woordenboek, vol. 3 (Brussels, 1968), 484–489.

[6] [6]
Janet Nelson, King and Emperor: A New Life of Charlemagne (London, Allen Lane, 2019), p. 24.

[7] [7]
C. Vleeschouwers, "Diploma van keizer Lodewijk de Vrome voor de Sint-Baafsabdij te Gent, 819", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 3–6.

[8] [8]
P. Bertrand, "Hubert (Saint)", in Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie ecclésiastiques, vol. 25 (Paris: Letouzey et Ané, 1995), 23–24.

[9] [9]
Richerus of Rheims, Histoire de son temps, edited by G.-H. Pertz, translated and annotated by J. Guadet, vol. 1 Archived 6 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine (Paris, 1845), pp. 72, 82.

[Parisse-10] [10]
Michel Parisse, "Lotharingia", in New Cambridge Medieval History, edited by Timothy Reuter, vol. 3 (Cambridge, 1999).

[11] [11]
D. Van Overstraeten, "Diploma van keizer Otto I voor de abdij van Saint-Ghislain, 965", tr. C. Vleeschouwers, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 10–13.

[12] [12]
G. Maréchal, "Bekrachtiging van de goederen van de Gentse Sint-Pietersabdij", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 10–13.

[13] [13]
Herman Vander Linden, "Wolbodon", Biographie Nationale de Belgique, vol. 27 Archived 3 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine (Brussels, 1938), 392–394.

[vol._24-14] [14]
Philibert Schmitz, "Theoduin", in Biographie Nationale de Belgique, vol. 24 (Brussels, 1929), 757-758.

[15] [15]
Georges Declercq, "Genealogia comitum Flandrensium", in Encyclopedia of the Medieval Chronicle, edited by R. G. Dunphy (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2010), 666–7.

[Reform_1077_pp._399-16] [16]
Brigitte Meijns, "Papal Bulls as Instruments of Reform: the Reception of the Protection Bulls of Gregory VII in the Dioceses of Liège and Thérouanne (1074–1077)", Church History, 87:2 (2018), pp. 399–423.

[17] [17]
Alan V. Murray, The Army of Godfrey of Bouillon, 1096–1099: Structure and dynamics of a contingent on the First Crusade Archived 4 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire 70/2 (1992), pp. 301–329.

[18] [18]
K. Maddens, "Schenking van het altaar van Tielt aan het Sint-Salvatorskapittel van Harelbeke, 1105", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 15–17.

[19] [19]
Raymond van Uytven, "13 mei 1106: Godfried van Leuven wordt hertog van Neder-Lotharingen", De 25 dagen van Vlaanderen, 3 (2005), p. 67.

[20] [20]
M.-A. Dimier, "Dunes", in Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie ecclésiastiques, vol. 14 (Paris, 1960), 1039–1044.

[21] [21]
M. Soenen, "Verkoop allodiaal domein te Woluwe, 1125", tr. C. Vleeschouwers, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 17–21.

[22] [22]
Edouard Van Even, "Jaerboeken der Abtdy van Perk van 1077 tot 1316", Mengelingen (1871), pp. 392-393.

[23] [23]
G. Hansotte, "Bevestiging van de bezittingen van de abdij van Stavelot, 1146", tr. A. Zoete, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 21–22.

[24] [24]
M. Grauwen, "Bekrachtiging der goederen van de abdij van Affligem, 1147", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 23–25.

[F._Ladrier_1980_pp._29-25] [25]
F. Ladrier, "De erfopvolging van Hendrik de Blinde, graaf van Namen, 1163–1184", tr. A. Zoete, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 29–33.

[26] [26]
A. Graffart, "Godfried III en Tienen, 1168", tr. A. Zoete, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 26–29.

[G._Wymans_1980_pp._37-27] [27]
G. Wymans, "Oorkonde van het kapittel van Zinnik, geschreven door Gillebert van Bergen, kanselier van Henegouwen, 1198", tr. M. Grauwen, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 37–39.

[Mengelingen_1871_pp._398-399-28] [28]
Edouard Van Even, "Jaerboeken der Abtdy van Perk van 1077 tot 1316", Mengelingen (1871), pp. 398-399.

[Bart_Fransen_2008_pp._95-29] [29]
Bart Fransen, "Recherches historiques / Historisch onderzoek", Bulletin of the Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage, 32 (2006–2008), pp. 95–101.

[30] [30]
G. Wymans, "Vredesverdrag tussen Hendrik I, hertog van Brabant, en Boudewijn V, graaf van Henegouwen en Vlaanderen, 1194", tr. M. Grauwen, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 33–37.

[31] [31]
F. W. Brooks, "The Battle of Damme, 1213", Mariner's Mirror 16 (1930), 264–271.

[32] [32]
John France, Western Warfare in the Age of the Crusades, 1000–1300 (London, 2002), p. 166.

[33] [33]
Georges Duby, Le Dimanche de Bouvines, 27 juillet 1214 (Gallimard, 1985).

[34] [34]
C. Wyffels, "Het verschijnen in ons land van Nederlands en Frans in de ambtelijke schrijftaal", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 43–45.

[35] [35]
"De keure van 1229", Brussel: Waar is de Tijd, 6 (1999), pp. 133-135.

[36] [36]
J. Mertens, "Vrijstelling van 'beste hoofd', 1232", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 46–48.

[37] [37]
C. Wyffels, "Het verschijnen in ons land van Nederlands en Frans in de ambtelijke schrijftaal", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 43–45.

[38] [38]
C. Wyffels, "Het verschijnen in ons land van Nederlands en Frans in de ambtelijke schrijftaal", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), p. 45.

[39] [39]
M. Grawuen, "Inrichting van een school te Leuven, 1245", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 48–50.

[C._Wyffels_1980_pp._54-40] [40]
C. Wyffels, "Economische oorlog tussen Vlaanderen en Engeland", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 54–56.

[41] [41]
François-Louis Ganshof, "Gui de Thourout", Biographie Nationale de Belgique, vol. 25 (Brussels, 1932), 141-142.

[42] [42]
J. Mertens, "Geschil over een dijk bij Nieuwpoort", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 63–65.

[43] [43]
J. Danhieux, "Handel tussen Engeland en Vlaanderen, 1296", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 65–67.

[44] [44]
C. Dumont, "Handelsverdrag tussen Filips de Schone, koning van Frankrijk, en Jan van Avesnes, graaf van Henegouwen, 1297", tr. H. Coppens, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 68–69.

[45] [45]
J. Bovesse, "Verbreking van de persoonlijke dynastieke band tussen de graafschappen Vlaanderen en Namen op het eind van de 13de eeuw", tr. H. Coppens, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 70–72.

[46] [46]
J. Bovesse, "Statuten van het Naamse beenhouwersambacht, 1303", tr. E. Persoons, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 72–76.

[47] [47]
Edouard Van Even, "Jaerboeken der Abtdy van Perk van 1077 tot 1316", Mengelingen (1871), pp. 406-407.

[universiteitshal-48] [48]
"Universiteitshal" (in Dutch). Flemish organization for Immovable Heritage. 2020.^{[permanent dead link]}

[49] [49]
Henri Pirenne, Le Soulèvement de la Flandre Maritime de 1323 à 1328 (Brussels, 1900).

[Keyzer_1980_pp._76-50] [50]
W. De Keyzer, "Huwelijksdispensatie voor Edward III, koning van Engeland en Filippa van Henegouwen, 1327", tr. E. Persoons, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 76–78.

[51] [51]
L. Danhieux, "Bruggelingen als gijzelaars in Frankrijk, 1328", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 78–82.

[52] [52]
A. Graffart, "Verdrag van bondgenootschap tussen Brabant en Vlaanderens, 1339", tr. S. Vervaeck, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 83–87.

[53] [53]
Patricia Carson, James Van Artevelde: The Man from Ghent (Ghent, 1980).

[54] [54]
R. Wellens, "Verbond der steden, 1355", tr. S. Vervaeck, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 88–89.

[55] [55]
R. Wellens, "Blijde Inkomst van Brabant, 1356", tr. S. Vervaeck, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 89–92.

[56] [56]
"Pays-Bas espagnols. Chambre des comptes. Lille". data.bnf.fr. Bibliothèque nationale de France. 7 February 2017.

[57] [57]
A. Graffart, "Register van het schilders-, goudslagers- en glazenmakersambacht van Brussel, 1707–1794", tr. M. Erkens, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), p. 268.

[58] [58]
A. Van Nieuwenhuysen, "De erfopvolging in Brabant, 1392", tr. S. Vervaeck, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1, tr. J. Verhelst, (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 97–99.

[59] [59]
G. Hansotte, "De betrekkingen tussen Luikenaren en Bourgondiërs in de XIVde eeuw", tr. J. Verhelst, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 99–100.

[60] [60]
A. Zoete, "Brief van Jan zonder Vrees, 1408", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 103–106.

[61] [61]
Franz-Josef Schweitzer, "'Caritatem habe, et fac quod vis!' – Die 'Freien Geister' in der Darstellung Jans van Ruusbroec und in Selbstzeugnissen", in Jan Van Ruusbroec: The Sources, Content, and Sequels of His Mysticism, edited by Paul Mommaers and N. de Paepe (Leuven University Press, 1984), pp. 61-62.

[62] [62]
J. Bovesse, "Verkoop van het graafschap Namen wan Filips de Goede, heritage van Bourgondië, 1421", tr. J. Verhelst, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 108–111.

[63] [63]
G. gadijn, "Wandtapijtkunst te Oudenaarde, 1596", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 190–192.

[64] [64]
Edouard Van Even, "Een steekspel, in 1450, op de Groote Merckt, te Leuven", Mengelingen (1871), pp. 123-128.

[65] [65]
Wim Blockmans, "De samenstelling van de staten van de Bourgondische landsheerlijkheden omstreeks 1464", Standen en Landen 47 (1968), pp. 57–112.

[Marchandise-66] [66]
Alain Marchandise, Irène Vrancken-Pirson and Jean-Louis Kupper, "La destruction de la ville de Liège (1468) et sa reconstruction Archived 2 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine", in Destruction et reconstruction de villes, du moyen âge à nos jours (Brussels, 1999).

[67] [67]
J. Verhelst, "Vredesonderhandelingen tussen Polen en Hongarije, 1473", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 112–113.

[68] [68]
D. Van Derveeghde, "Poging tot reorganisatie en centralisatie van de financiën onder Karel de Stoute, 1473", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 113–115.

[69] [69]
R. Wellens, "Blijde Inkomst in Brabant, 1477", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 115–117.

[70] [70]
Jonas Roelens (16 September 2019). "Lesbisch in de middeleeuwen? Tamelijk veilig behalve hier". EOS wetenschap (in Dutch).

[A._Libois_1980_pp._179-71] [71]
A. Libois, "Tekening in een parochieregister: het huwelijk", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 179–190.

[72] [72]
U. Vermeuelen, "Bekrachtiging van het verdrag van Senlis, 1493", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 118–119.

[Joni_M._Hand_2013_p._84-73] [73]
Joni M. Hand, Women, Manuscripts and Identity in Northern Europe, 1350–1550 (Ashgate, 2013), p. 84

[Meerbeeck-74] [74]
Adriaan van Meerbeeck, Chronijcke vande gantsche Werelt (Antwerp, 1620).

[A._Smolar-Meynart_1980_pp._122-75] [75]
A. Smolar-Meynart, "Aflaatbul voor de wederopbouw van de collegiale kerk van Onze-Lieve-Vrouw the Dinant, 1509", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 122–124.

[76] [76]
E. Persoons, "Edikt van Worms, 8 mei 1521. Speciale tekst voor de Nederlanden. France versie", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 124–126.

[E._Persoons_1980_pp._150-77] [77]
E. Persoons, "Edikten of 'placcaten' van Karel V tegen het Lutheranisme", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 150–153.

[78] [78]
M. Grauwen, "Testament van paus Adriaan VI, 1523", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 127–129.

[79] [79]
U. Vermeulen, "Vrede van Madrid, 1526", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 129–130.

[80] [80]
J. Buntinx, "Maria van Hongarije landvoogdes, 1531", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 131–132.

[R._Petit_1980_pp._132-81] [81]
R. Petit, "Keizerlijke verordening houdend reglement van de Raad van Luxemburg, 1532", tr. M. Grauwen, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 132–141.

[R._Petit_1980_pp._156-82] [82]
R. Petit, "Rekwest van de burgers van Aarlen tot het bekomen van de alleenhandel in de proosdij, 1548", tr. M. Grauwen, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 156–159.

[83] [83]
"History of KBR's manuscript collection". kbr.be. Royal Library of Belgium.

[Stobbeleir_1980_pp._164-84] [84]
D. De Stobbeleir, "Het eedverbond der edelen, 1565–1566", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 164–169.

[H._Delvaux_1980_pp._171-85] [85]
H. Delvaux, "Veroordeling van Antwerpse hervormden, 1568", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 171–173.

[86] [86]
Charles Piot, "Morillon (Maximilien)", Biographie Nationale de Belgique, vol. 15 (Brussels 1899), 267-272.

[87] [87]
Statuts et ordonnances touchant le stil et maniere de proceder & l'administration de justice devant, & par les courts & justices seculieres du païs de Liege (Liège, Gauthier Morberius, 1572). Online.

[88] [88]
J. De Keyzer, "Kalenderhervorming in de Spaanse Nederlanden, 1575", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 173–176.

[89] [89]
"Eigen Brusselse rechters", Brussel: Waar is de Tijd, 6 (1999), p. 132.

[90] [90]
Hugo De Schepper, "De Nederlanden, 1550—1604", in De val van het Nieuwe Troje: Het beleg van Oostende, 1601–1604, ed. Werner Thomas (Ostend and Leuven, 2004), p. 22.

[Etienne_Rooms_2004_p._35-91] [91]
Luc De Vos and Etienne Rooms, "Tactisch een Staats, strategisch een Paaps succes", in De val van het Nieuwe Troje: Het beleg van Oostende, 1601–1604, ed. Werner Thomas (Ostend and Leuven, 2004), p. 35.

[92] [92]
Hugo De Schepper, "De Nederlanden, 1550—1604", in De val van het Nieuwe Troje: Het beleg van Oostende, 1601–1604, ed. Werner Thomas (Ostend and Leuven, 2004), p. 25.

[93] [93]
Hugo De Schepper, "De Nederlanden, 1550—1604", in De val van het Nieuwe Troje: Het beleg van Oostende, 1601–1604, ed. Werner Thomas (Ostend and Leuven, 2004), p. 29.

[94] [94]
Hugo De Schepper, "De Nederlanden, 1550—1604", in De val van het Nieuwe Troje: Het beleg van Oostende, 1601–1604, ed. Werner Thomas (Ostend and Leuven, 2004), p. 28.

[95] [95]
Werner Thomas, "Het beleg van Oostende", in De val van het Nieuwe Troje: Het beleg van Oostende, 1601–1604, ed. Werner Thomas (Ostend and Leuven, 2004), p. 91.

[96] [96]
Werner Thomas, "Het beleg van Oostende", in De val van het Nieuwe Troje: Het beleg van Oostende, 1601–1604, ed. Werner Thomas (Ostend and Leuven, 2004), p. 94.

[97] [97]
Werner Thomas, "Het beleg van Oostende", in De val van het Nieuwe Troje: Het beleg van Oostende, 1601–1604, ed. Werner Thomas (Ostend and Leuven, 2004), p. 96.

[98] [98]
J. Monballyu, "Was Tanneken Sconyncx een heks? Een analyse van haar proces in 1602-1603", De Roede van Tielt, 25:3 (1994), pp. 94-140. Available online

[99] [99]
Werner Thomas, "Het beleg van Oostende", in De val van het Nieuwe Troje: Het beleg van Oostende, 1601–1604, ed. Werner Thomas (Ostend and Leuven, 2004), p. 97.

[100] [100]
Werner Thomas, "Het beleg van Oostende", in De val van het Nieuwe Troje: Het beleg van Oostende, 1601–1604, ed. Werner Thomas (Ostend and Leuven, 2004), p. 98.

[Werner_Thomas_2004_p._99-101] [101]
Werner Thomas, "Het beleg van Oostende", in De val van het Nieuwe Troje: Het beleg van Oostende, 1601–1604, ed. Werner Thomas (Ostend and Leuven, 2004), p. 99.

[102] [102]
Paul Arblaster, From Ghent to Aix: How They Brought the News in the Habsburg Netherlands (Leiden and Boston, 2014), pp. 83–84. Partial view on Google Books.

[103] [103]
J. De Wilde, "Het faict van tooverie in Laarne (1607-1608): enkele feiten en bedenkingen", Castellum, 18 (2001), pp. 3-32.

[104] [104]
Georges Martyn, "Het recht ten tijde van de aartshertogen: Codificatie en enkele fundamentele wetten", in Albert & Isabella (1598–1621): Essays edited by Werner Thomas and Luc Duerloo (Turnhout, Brepols, 1998), pp. 249–254.

[105] [105]
P. Bauwens, "Heksenproces, 1614", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 200–203.

[106] [106]
Paul Arblaster, From Ghent to Aix: How They Brought the News in the Habsburg Netherlands (Leiden and Boston, 2014), p. 82. Partial view on Google Books.

[107] [107]
P. Soetaert, De Bergen van Barmhartigheid in de Spaanse, de Oostenrijkse en de Franse Nederlanden, 1618–1795 (Dissertatie Leuven, Historische Uitgaven LXVII; Brussels, 1986).

[108] [108]
Paul Arblaster, From Ghent to Aix: How They Brought the News in the Habsburg Netherlands (Leiden and Boston, 2014), p. 76. Partial view on Google Books.

[109] [109]
Paul Arblaster, From Ghent to Aix: How They Brought the News in the Habsburg Netherlands (Leiden and Boston, 2014), p. 4. Partial view on Google Books.

[110] [110]
De Schadt-kiste der philosophen ende poeten (Mechelen, Henry Jaye, 1621)

[111] [111]
J.-J. Thonissen, "Arenberg (Le P. Charles D')", Biographie Nationale de Belgique, vol. 1 (Brussels, 1866), 401-405.

[112] [112]
Louis Prosper Gachard, Actes des États Généraux de 1632, vol. 1 (Brussels, 1853), pp. 3–5.

[113] [113]
Jan van den Hoecke. "Description of The Battle of Nördlingen (1634)". Royal Collection Trust. Inventory no. 400100.

[114] [114]
Henri Lonchay, "La Ruelle (Sébastien de)", Biographie Nationale de Belgique, vol. 11 (Brussels, 1891), 374.

[115] [115]
J.-J. Thonissen, "Arenberg (Le P. Charles D')", Biographie Nationale de Belgique, vol. 1 (Brussels, 1866), 401-405.

[116] [116]
J.-J. Thonissen, "Arenberg (Le P. Charles D')", Biographie Nationale de Belgique, vol. 1 (Brussels, 1866), 401-405.

[117] [117]
J.-J. Thonissen, "Arenberg (Le P. Charles D')", Biographie Nationale de Belgique, vol. 1 (Brussels, 1866), 401-405.

[118] [118]
Isabelle Palmitessa (25 November 2014). "Pétition en faveur d'une adolescente brûlée à Mons pour sorcellerie en 1671". rtbf.be.

[119] [119]
A. Libois, "Huwelijkskontrakt tussen Amand Thirion en Marie Joseph Fontaine, 1733", tr. M. Grauwen, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 234–241.

[120] [120]
"Some Industrial Art Schools of Europe and their Lessons for the United States", extracts from the studies made for the French government by Marius Vachon, translated by Florence N. Levy, Department of the Interior Bureau of Education Bulletin, 1922, no. 48, p. 19.

[J._Mertens_1980_pp._224-121] [121]
J. Mertens, "Oostende – Kanton – Oostende, 1719–1720", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 224–228.

[122] [122]
M. Soenen, "Gedrukte tekst van het Verdrag van Rastadt, 1714", tr. M. Erkens, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 219–222.

[123] [123]
Alphonse Wauters, "Anneessens, François", Biographie Nationale de Belgique, vol. 1 Archived 2 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine (Brussels, 1866), 300–317.

[124] [124]
Henri Pirenne, Geschiedenis van België, Vol. 5: Het einde van het Spaansch stelsel. Het Oostenrijksch stelsel. De Brabantsche omwenteling en de Luiksche omwenteling (Ghent, 1929), p. 195 Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine.

[Impe,_2012_pp._56-57-125] [125]
Jan van Impe, De Leuvense universiteitsbibliotheek: historische wandelgids (Leuven, 2012), pp. 56-57.

[126] [126]
J. Mertens, "Dossier van werken in de haven van Oostende, 1727", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 233–234.

[127] [127]
L. Michielsen, "Het einde van de Oostendsche Kompagnie", Bijdragen tot de Geschiedenis 28 (1937), 128–129.

[128] [128]
"Stedelijke kruidtuin". erfgoed.net (in Dutch). Flemish organization for Immovable Heritage. 2020.

[129] [129]
"Anatomisch theater". erfgoed.net (in Dutch). Flemish organization for Immovable Heritage. 2020.

[130] [130]
W. Buntinx, "Vervaardiging van de kaart van de Zuidelijke Nederlanden genaamd 'Kaart van Ferraris', 1771–1777", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 251–254.

[Stobbeleir-131] [131]
D. De Stobbeleir, "Verzet tegen de hervormingen van Jozef II en de staatsgreep van 18 juni 1789", tr. M. Erkens, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 262–267.

[132] [132]
"Causes of the discontents in the Austrian Netherlands", The Annual Register 29 (1789), p. 208 Archived 24 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine.

[133] [133]
Bruno Demoulin, Recueil des instructions aux ambassadeurs et ministres de France (Principauté de Liège 31; 1998), p. xxxviii.

[Trajecta_9_2000-134] [134]
Jan Roegiers, "Revolutie in de seminaries", Trajecta, 9 (2000), 112–133.

[A._Graffart_1980_p._270-135] [135]
A. Graffart, "Register van het schilders-, goudslagers- en glazenmakersambacht van Brussel, 1707–1794", tr. M. Erkens, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), p. 270.

[136] [136]
Procès-verbal de l'inauguration de l'École Centrale du Département de l'Escaut, et discours prononcés à ce sujet (Ghent, P. F. de Goesin, 1797) On Google Books

[137] [137]
s.v. "Austrian Netherlands", Wiley-Blackwell Dictionary of Modern European History since 1789, edited by Nicholas Atkin, Michael Biddiss, Frank Tallett (Oxford, 2011).

[138] [138]
s.v. "Austrian Netherlands", Wiley-Blackwell Dictionary of Modern European History since 1789, edited by Nicholas Atkin, Michael Biddiss, Frank Tallett (Oxford, 2011)

[139] [139]
Le Friedland de quatre-vingt canons lancé dans le port d'Anvers Archived 19 January 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The British Museum. Accessed 16 June 2017.

[London_1870_p._76-140] [140]
William Henry Overall, The dictionary of chronology, or historical and statistical register (London, 1870), p. 76.

[William_Henry_Overall_1870_p._76-141] [141]
William Henry Overall, The dictionary of chronology, or historical and statistical register (London, 1870), p. 76.

[Irving-142] [142]
Joseph Irving, The Annals of Our Time (London and New York, 1871).

[143] [143]
C. Pety de Thozée, Système commercial de la Belgique, vol. 2 (Brussels, Bruylant-Christophe, 1875), pp. 76-80. On Google Books

[144] [144]
C. Pety de Thozée, Système commercial de la Belgique, vol. 2 (Brussels, Bruylant-Christophe, 1875), pp. 23-26.

[145] [145]
C. Pety de Thozée, Système commercial de la Belgique, vol. 2 (Brussels, Bruylant-Christophe, 1875), p. 26.

[146] [146]
"Loi du 18 juillet 1860 portant abolition des octrois communaux". refLex. Council of State (Belgium). 18 July 1860.

[147] [147]
Olivier Keun (11 March 2013). "Afkoop Scheldetol 150 jaar". G/Geschiedenis (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2018.

[148] [148]
Thierry Demey, Bruxelles, chronique d’une capitale en chantier, vol. 1 (Brussels, 1990), p. 59.

[149] [149]
"Brefs de S.S. Léon XIII relatifs à la fondation d'un Institut supérieur de Philosophie à l'Université Catholique de Louvain". Revue néo-scolastique. 1 (1): 76–84. 1894.

[150] [150]
René Fayt. "Résumé". Périodiques numérisés dans le cadre de l'Action de Recherche Concertée. Université libre de Bruxelles.

[151] [151]
Robert Wielockx, "De Mercier à De Wulf: Débuts de l'École de Louvain", in Gli studi di filosofia medievale fra otto e novecento, edited by Ruedi Imbach and Alfonso Maierù (Rome, 1991), p. 77. Preview on Google Books

[152] [152]
Jan de Maeyer, Arthur Verhaegen, 1847–1917: de rode baron (Leuven University Press, 1994), p. 306.

[153] [153]
Liège et l'Exposition universelle de 1905, edited by Christine Renardy (Brussels, 2005).

[154] [154]
David De Cooman, "Crown Prince Hirohito's Visit to Belgium", in Japan & Belgium: An Itinerary of Mutual Inspiration, edited by W.F. Vande Walle and David De Cooman (Tielt, 2016), pp. 131–145.

[155] [155]
La Libre Belgique, 21 June 1921.

[156] [156]
Daniel C. Turack, "Freedom of Movement and the Travel Document in Benelux", International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 17:1 (Jan. 1968), pp. 191-192.

[157] [157]
Daniel C. Turack, "Freedom of Movement and the Travel Document in Benelux", International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 17:1 (Jan. 1968), p. 192.

[158] [158]
"Belgium's Policy. King's Visit. Vital Talks. Neutrality and Colonies". Sydney Morning Herald. 24 March 1937. p. 17. Retrieved 27 June 2017.

[Panhuys-159] [159]
H.F. van Panhuys, L.J. Brinkhorst, and H.H. Maas (eds.), International Organisation and Integration (Deventer and Leyden, 1968).

[160] [160]
Daniel C. Turack, "Freedom of Movement and the Travel Document in Benelux", International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 17:1 (Jan. 1968), pp. 197-198.

[161] [161]
"20 Wounded in Brussels Word Riots". Chicago Tribune. 15 October 1962. Retrieved 27 June 2017.

[162] [162]
Belgium Hirohito Visit Archived 17 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine, AP Archive.

[163] [163]
"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977". Archived from the original on 23 June 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2017.

[164] [164]
Alain de Gueldre et al., Kroniek van België (Antwerp and Zaventem, 1987), p. 1009.

[165] [165]
Marc Cools and Veerle Pashley, "Shadows of Power: Agusta, a Belgian Affair", in The Routledge Handbook of White-Collar and Corporate Crime in Europe edited by Judith van Erp, Wim Huisman, Gudrun Vande Walle (Routledge, 2015), pp. 336–345.

[166] [166]
Handbook of Finance. Volume I: Financial Markets and Instruments, edited by Frank J. Fabozzi (Hoboken NJ, 2008), p. 143.

[167] [167]
"Ford Genk sluit in 2014". De Standaard (in Dutch). 24 October 2012. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 1 July 2017.

[168] [168]
"One repatriated Belgian has tested positive for the novel coronavirus". info-coronavirus.be. Federal Public Service for Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment. 4 February 2020. Archived from the original on 6 April 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

[169] [169]
"Belgian government websites down after DDoS attack". The Brussels Times. 4 May 2021.

[170] [170]
Helen Lyons (5 May 2021). "Belgian government websites still under cyberattack". The Brussels Times.

[171] [171]
Véronique Kiesel (4 May 2021). "Cyberattaque: annulation forcée à la Chambre des auditions sur le Xinjiang". Le Soir (in French).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

[60]

[61]

[62]

[63]

[64]

[65]

[66]

[67]

[68]

[69]

[70]

[71]

[72]

[73]

[74]

[75]

[76]

[77]

[78]

[79]

[80]

[81]

[82]

[83]

[84]

[85]

[86]

[87]

[88]

[89]

[90]

[91]

[92]

[93]

[94]

[95]

[96]

[97]

[98]

[99]

[100]

Year	Date	Event
57 BC		Roman General Julius Caesar invades and conquers the lands of the Belgae: Battle of the Sabis; Siege of the Atuatuci
56 BC		Julius Caesar campaigns unsuccessfully against the coastal tribes of the Morini and Menapii.^[1]^: 44
55 BC		Julius Caesar subdues the Morini.^[1]^: 45
54–53 BC		Revolt of the Eburones under Ambiorix and Cativolcus.
53–51 BC		Punitive campaigns subdue Nervii and Treveri; exterminate Eburoni.^[1]^: 44
50 BC		Julius Caesar completes writing Commentarii de Bello Gallico, his account of his campaigns in Gaul.^[1]^: 45
29 BC		Marcus Nonius Gallus suppresses revolt among Treveri.^[1]^: 48
27 BC		Augustus creates the province Gallia Belgica.^[1]^: 48
ca. 15 BC		Probable origins of the city of Tongeren.^[1]^: 49
12 BC		Augusta Treverorum becomes a city.^[1]^: 49
		Nero Claudius Drusus, commander in chief of Roman forces in Gallia Belgica, has a series of canals dug in the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta.^[1]^: 49
ca. 10 BC		Probable origins of the city of Aarlen.^[1]^: 50
9 BC		Nero Claudius Drusus dies after falling from his horse. Command of Rome's northern armies passes to Tiberius.^[1]^: 50
4 BC		Monument honouring Tiberius erected in Bagacum.^[1]^: 50

Year	Date	Event
13		Germanicus becomes commander of the Roman army of the Rhine.^[1]^: 51
16		Roman invasion of Germany under command of Germanicus launched from Fectio in Gallia Belgica.^[1]^: 51
19	10 October	Death of Germanicus.^[1]^: 51
21		Treveri revolt at high taxes.^[1]^: 52-53
39	October	Galba becomes commander of the armies in Lower Germany.^[1]^: 52
47		Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo becomes commander of the armies in Lower Germany. Orders canals dug in the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta.^[1]^: 53
47–48		Roman law replaces customary law in Gallia Belgica; druids outlawed; Gaulish aristocracy given senatorial rank.^[1]^: 53-54
69	January	Armies of the Rhine proclaim Aulus Vitellius as emperor.^[1]^: 55
	July	Batavian Revolt begins.^[1]^: 55
70		Treveri, Menapii, Nervii and Tungrii come out in support of the Batavian Revolt, some under compulsion.^[1]^: 56-57
77		Pliny the Elder starts writing his Historia Naturalis, book 4 of which contains a description of Gallia Belgica.^[1]^: 57
ca. 85		Northern border fortified with series of castra.^[1]^: 59
ca. 90		Domitian restructures provinces of the Roman Empire: Gallia Belgica divided into the provinces of Belgica Prima, Belgica Secunda, Germania Superior and Germania Inferior.

Year	Date	Event
286		Carausius, a Menapian general in the Roman army, declares himself emperor of Britain and Gaul.^[3]^: 9
293		Death of Carausius

Year	Date	Event
343		Servatius, bishop of Tongeren, attends the Council of Sardica.
357		Land south of the Rhine delta ceded to Frankish foederati
359		Servatius, bishop of Tongeren, attends the Council of Ariminum.^[3]^: 7

Year	Date	Event
431		Salian Franks take possession of Tournai.^[3]^: 7
482		Childeric I buried in Tournai.

Timeline_of_Belgian_history

Timeline of Belgian history

1st century BC

1st century

2nd century

3rd century

4th century

5th century

6th century

7th century

8th century

9th century

10th century

11th century

12th century

13th century

14th century

15th century

16th century

17th century

18th century

19th century

20th century

21st century

See also

References

Further reading

Belgian history

Timelines

External links

Share this article:

Year	Date	Event
659	17 March	Death of Gertrude of Nivelles
675		Death of Amandus
679	23 December	Murder of Dagobert II in the Ardennes Forest.
687		Pepin of Herstal and his wife Plectrude found what will become the Abbey of Saint-Hubert.^[4]
693	17 December	Death of Begga of Andenne

Year	Date	Event
705	17 September	Death of Lambert of Maastricht: murdered at a site that would become Liège.^[3]^: 17^[5]
717		See of Maastricht moved to the location of Lambert of Maastricht's murder, now Liège.
727	30 May	Death of Hubertus, Bishop of Liège.^[3]^: 17
748	2 April	Birth of Charlemagne, first Holy Roman Emperor.^[6]

Year	Date	Event
819	13 April	Louis the Pious confirms the liberties granted to St Bavo's Abbey by Charlemagne (oldest extant original charter in a Belgian archive).^[7]
820		First recorded Viking raid on the Flemish coast.^[3]^: 38
825	30 September	The remains of St Hubert (died 727) installed in the monastery that would become the Abbey of Saint-Hubert.^[8]
843	August	Treaty of Verdun divides the Carolingian Empire between the three sons of Louis the Pious: Lothair I, Louis the German and Charles the Bald, creating the kingdom of Middle Francia (including most of the Low Countries) for Lothair and assigning Flanders to Charles the Bald.
850		Norsemen raid Flanders.^[3]^: 38
855		Treaty of Prüm divides Middle Francia into the kingdom of Lotharingia (including most of the Low Countries), the Kingdom of Provence and the kingdom of Italy.
861		Norsemen raid Flanders.^[3]^: 38
864		Norsemen raid Flanders.^[3]^: 38
870		Treaty of Meerssen partitions Lotharingia (including most of the Low Countries) between East Francia (Germany) and West Francia (France).
879		Norsemen raid Taxandria.^[3]^: 38
880		Norsemen raid Tournaisis.^[3]^: 38
881		Norsemen plunder Cambrai and encamp near Maastricht, extorting tribute from Maastricht, Tongeren, Liège, Sint-Truiden, Malmedy, Stavelot, and Prüm.^[3]^: 38
891	September or October	Norse invaders defeated in Battle on the Dijle.^[3]^: 39
895		Holy Roman Emperor Arnulf of Carinthia appoints his illegitimate son Zwentibold as king of Lotharingia.^[3]^: 42-43
900	13 August	Zwentibold slain by Count Reginar I of Hainault; Lotharingia reincorporated into East Francia.

Year	Date	Event
908		Bishop of Liège granted right to levy a toll in Maastricht.^[3]^: 57
910		Count Reginar I of Hainault appointed margrave of Lotharingia; historically regarded as the first Duke of Lorraine.
915		Death of Reginar, Duke of Lorraine, at his palace in Meerssen; succeeded by his son Giselbert.^[3]^: 45
918	10 September	Death of Baldwin II, Margrave of Flanders at Blandijnberg; succeeded by his son Arnulf.
925		Henry the Fowler invades Lotharingia and receives oaths of loyalty from the local aristocracy.^[3]^: 46
936	7 August	Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine, attends the coronation of Otto I in Aachen.^[3]^: 47
939	2 October	Battle of Andernach: death of Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine; end of independence of Lotharingia (referred to as "Belgica" in the 10th-century histories of Richer of Rheims).^[3]^: 46n2^[9]
around 940		Saint-Ghislain Abbey reformed by Gérard of Brogne
948		Death of Isaac, Count of Cambrai; powers of count transferred to Fulbert, Bishop of Cambrai.^[3]^: 55
953		Bruno the Great, Archbishop of Cologne, appointed Duke of Lotharingia.^[3]^: 55
954		Hungarian attackers raid Lower Lotharingia, besiege Cambrai.^[3]^: 55
959		Bruno the Great divides Lotharingia into Upper Lotharingia (the later Duchy of Lorraine) and Lower Lotharingia (the later Duchy of Lothier).^[10]^{: 318–319}
	3 October	Death of Gerard of Brogne.
964		Godfrey I, Duke of Lower Lorraine, dies in Italy; no immediate successor.
965	28 March	Death of Arnulf I, Count of Flanders; succession of Arnulf II, Count of Flanders
	2 June	Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, confirms Godfrey of Lower Lotharingia's gift to Saint-Ghislain Abbey of 18 mansi of land in Villers-Saint-Ghislain.^[11]
	11 October	Death of Bruno the Great, Duke of Lotharingia.
966	5 May	Lothar, King of the Franks, confirms the possessions of St. Peter's Abbey, Ghent, including those bequeathed by Arnulf I, Count of Flanders, and contested by his heirs.^[12]
968		Richar, Count of Mons, appointed Duke of Lower Lotharingia.
973		Richar, Duke of Lower Lotharingia, dies; no immediate successor.
977		Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor, appoints Charles, brother of Lothair of France, as Duke of Lower Lotharingia.^[10]^: 319
980		Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor, confirms all previous endowments to Notker, Bishop of Liège, and issues a general immunity for the bishopric's lands: beginning of the establishment of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège.^[10]^: 323
985		Otto III, King of Germany, endows Notker, Bishop of Liège, with the County of Huy: full establishment of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège.^[10]^: 323
987	30 March	Death of Arnulf II, Count of Flanders; succession of Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders.
990		Death of Hildegard of Flanders, daughter of Arnulf II, Count of Flanders, and wife of Dirk II, Count of Holland.

Year	Date	Event
1008		Baldrick II succeeds Notger as prince-bishop of Liège
1018	29 July	Battle of Vlaardingen: imperial forces commanded by Godfrey II, Duke of Lower Lorraine, and Baldrick II, bishop of Liège, defeated by the army of Dirk III, Count of Holland. Baldrick died after a sudden illness on the journey; Godfrey was captured in the battle.
	November	Wolbodo consecrated bishop of Liège.^[13]
1021		Durandus succeeds Wolbodo as prince-bishop of Liège
1025		Reginard succeeds Durandus as prince-bishop of Liège
1035	30 May	Death of Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders; succession of Baldwin V, Count of Flanders
1037		Nithard succeeds Reginard as prince-bishop of Liège
1042		Wazo succeeds Nithard as prince-bishop of Liège
1047		Baldwin V, Count of Flanders, seizes control of the imperial castle at Ename
1048		Theodwin succeeds Wazo as prince-bishop of Liège
1049	13 January	Forces of Theodwin of Liège defeat forces of Dirk IV, Count of Holland, killing Dirk and restoring imperial authority in the Rhine delta.^[14]
1059		Treaty of Andernach ends conflict between Flanders and the Empire, with Baldwin V, Count of Flanders, ceding territory around Valenciennes to Herman, Count of Hainaut, in order to retain undisputed control of Ename.
1060		Baldwin V, Count of Flanders, becomes regent of France
1063		Ename Abbey founded
1066		Theodwin of Liège grants city rights to Huy, the oldest such charter to survive from what is now Belgium.^[14]
1067	1 September	Death of Baldwin V, Count of Flanders; succession of Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders
c.1067		Genealogia comitum Flandrensium compiled.^[15]
1070	17 July	Death of Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders; succession of Arnulf III, Count of Flanders
1071	22 February	Battle of Cassel between Robert the Frisian and his nephew, Arnulf III, Count of Flanders. Arnulf was killed in the battle and Robert succeeded him as count.
1074	29 April	Pope Gregory VII issues bull of protection for the Abbey of Saint-Hubert.^[16]
1075	23 March	Pope Gregory VII writes to Theodwin, bishop of Liège, urging him to leave the abbot of Saint-Hubert unmolested.^[16]
	23 June	Death of Theodwin of Liège
1077	28 April	Pope Gregory VII issues bull of protection for Watten Abbey.^[16]
1081	1 February	Traditional date of the first apparition of Our Lady of Tongre.
1087		Godfrey of Bouillon becomes Duke of Lower Lorraine
1093	13 October	Death of Robert I, Count of Flanders; succession of Robert II, Count of Flanders
1096	August	Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine, sets off as one of the leaders of the First Crusade.^[17]
1100	18 July	Death of Godfrey of Bouillon

Year	Date	Event
1105		Baldric of Noyon, Bishop of Tournai, awards the right of presentment for Tielt to the chapter of St Salvator in Harelbeke^[18]
1106	13 May	Godfrey I, Count of Louvain, invested as Duke of Lower Lotharingia in Worms Cathedral.^[19]
1107		The hermit Ligerius founds a community that would become Ten Duinen Abbey (the Abbey of Dunes).^[20]
1111	5 October	Death of Robert II, Count of Flanders; succession of Baldwin VII, Count of Flanders
1119	17 July	Death of Baldwin VII, Count of Flanders; succession of Charles I, Count of Flanders (Charles the Good)
1125		Godfrey I, Count of Louvain confirms the agreement of Ava of Waver and her sons with the priory of Forest, transferring ownership of an allod in Woluwe.^[21]
1127	2 March	Murder of Charles the Good, Count of Flanders
	30 March	William Clito claims countship of Flanders
1128	1 January	Albero I of Louvain, prince-bishop of Liège, dies; succeeded by Alexander of Jülich
	28 July	William Clito dies while laying siege to Aalst; Thierry of Alsace established his claim to the countship of Flanders
1129		Foundation of Park Abbey.^[22]
1139	25 January	Godfrey I, Count of Louvain, dies; succeeded by Godfrey II
1141	17 August to 22 September	Siege of Bouillon Castle by Albero, prince-bishop of Liège.
1142	13 June	Godfrey II, Count of Louvain dies; succeeded by Godfrey III
1146	24 June	Pope Eugene III confirms Wibald, Abbot of Stavelot and Malmedy, in possession of the goods of the abbey.^[23]
1147	after 11 May	Henry II of Leez, Bishop of Liège, confirms Affligem Abbey in possession of its property in the diocese of Liège.^[24]
		Arnout IV, Count of Aarschot, and Christian of Ghistelles, leaders of forces from the Low Countries on the Second Crusade, are diverted to the Siege of Lisbon
1159	1 October	Godfrey III, Count of Louvain, takes Grimbergen
1163	June	Henry the Blind, Count of Namur and of Luxembourg, being childless, names his sister Alice of Namur with her husband Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut, and their son Baldwin, as heirs of all his allodial possessions, "with sod and twig", retaining usufruct during his own lifetime.^[25]
1164	4 September	Henry II of Leez, prince-bishop of Liège, dies
1167		Rudolf of Zähringen becomes prince-bishop of Liège
1168	17 January	Death of Thierry, Count of Flanders; succession of Philip of Alsace as count of Flanders
		Godfrey, Duke of Lower Lotharingia, confirms the privileges of the borough of Tienen (oldest extant civic charter from the Duchy of Brabant)^[26]
1171	8 November	Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut, dies; succeeded by Baldwin V
1178		Gislebert of Mons becomes chancellor to Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut.^[27]
1183		Godfrey III, Count of Louvain, departs for Jerusalem
1184	1 April	Henry the Blind, Count of Namur and of Luxembourg, being childless, names his nephew, Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut, already heir to all his allodial possessions, as heir equally to all his feudal possessions, "with sod and twig", retaining usufruct during his own lifetime.^[25]
1185	28 to 29 April	Saint Lambert's Cathedral, Liège, destroyed by fire.^[28]
1186	July	birth of Ermesinde, later countess of Luxembourg, only child of Henry the Blind. As a female heir she would inherit his allodial possessions, but not his feudal possessions.^[25]
1190	21 August	Godfrey III, Count of Louvain dies; succeeded by Henry I, Duke of Brabant
1191	1 August	Death of Philip of Alsace, Count of Flanders; succession of his daughter Margaret I, Countess of Flanders, and her husband and co-ruler Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut
	5 August	Rudolf of Zähringen, prince-bishop of Liège, dies
	8 September	Albert of Louvain elected prince-bishop of Liège
1192	24 November	Murder of Albert of Louvain, prince-bishop of Liège, by supporters of Emperor Henry VI
1193	19 May	Relics of Saint Alena enshrined in Forest Priory.^[29]
1194	20 August	Peace treaty between Henry I, Duke of Brabant and Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut, ending twelve years of conflict between the Duchy of Brabant and the County of Hainaut.^[30]
	15 November	Death of Margaret I, Countess of Flanders; her husband Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut continues to rule as Baldwin VIII of Flanders
1195	17 December	Death of Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut; succession of his son Baldwin VI as count of Flanders and Hainaut
1197		Henry I, Duke of Brabant, departs for Jerusalem.^[28]
1198		Baldwin VI, Count of Hainaut, donates all his possessions in the village of Horrues to the collegiate church of Soignies to endow a Lady chapel and a chantry.^[27]

Year	Date	Event
1205	14 April	Battle of Adrianople: Baldwin I of Constantinople, count of Flanders and Hainaut, captured by the Bulgarians
1213	22 April	Henry I, Duke of Brabant, marries Marie of France in Soissons.
	30 to 31 May	Battle of Damme: English fleet destroys French fleet at anchor near Damme.^[31]
	13 October	Battle of Steppes: army and allies of Hugh Pierrepont, Bishop of Liège, defeat the forces of Henry I, Duke of Brabant.^[32]
1214	27 July	Battle of Bouvines: decisive French victory against the forces of Ferdinand, Count of Flanders, Henry I, Duke of Brabant, and Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor. Count of Flanders carried captive to Paris.^[33]
1224	12 August	Guy of Saint-Pol and his brother, Hugo of Saint-Pol, stand surety for a loan of 3693 pounds borrowed from citizens of Arras by Daniel, Lord of Béthune: an early example of the use of French rather than Latin in legal documents.^[34]
1229	10 June	Henry I, Duke of Brabant, issues charter of city rights for Brussels.^[35]
1232	20 September	Ferdinand, Count of Flanders and Joan, Countess of Flanders release inhabitants of the Brugse Vrije from the feudal relief of "best beast".^[36]
1235	5 September	Henry I, Duke of Brabant, died; succeeded by Henry II
1236		Statutes of the Ghent Leper Hospital translated from Latin: the earliest known example of a legal document entirely in Dutch.^[37]
1237		Charters of the city of Ghent translated into Dutch.^[38]
1238		Benedictine priory at Vorst, a dependency of Affligem Abbey, becomes the independent Forest Abbey.^[29]
1245	14 June	Pope Innocent IV authorizes the canons regular of St Augustine to establish a grammar school in Leuven.^[39]
1248	1 February	Henry II, Duke of Brabant, died; succeeded by Henry III
1255		Gothic choir of Tournai Cathedral completed
1261	28 February	Henry III, Duke of Brabant, dies; succeeded by Henry IV
1270	1 September	Margaret of Constantinople, Countess of Flanders, impounds wares of English merchants in Flanders in retaliation for their king's non-payment of a money fief, sparking a trade war between Flanders and England.^[40]
1272	after 29 April	Henry IV, Duke of Brabant, died; succeeded by John I
1274	28 July	Treaty of Montreuil-sur-Mer between Edward I of England and Guy, Count of Flanders, ending four years of economic warfare and providing for free movement of merchants between their territories.^[40]
1275	27 September	Future John II, Duke of Brabant, born.
1281	21 August	Guy de Thourout does homage to Guy, Count of Flanders for lands in Wervik, Reninge and Rollegem. He also held land in Menen and Rekkem, a manor in Varsenare, and owned a number of houses within the city of Ypres.^[41]
1284	24 August	John of Enghien, prince-bishop of Liège, dies of wounds sustained during an abduction attempt.
1288	5 June	Battle of Worringen
1293	7 May	Aldermen of Nieuwpoort accept the mediation of Guy, Count of Flanders in their dispute with the abbeys of Duinen and Bourbourg concerning a dyke built near the town.^[42]
1294	3 May	John I, Duke of Brabant, died; succeeded by John II
1296	2 November	Edward I of England grants Flemish merchants the right to buy wool for export anywhere in the British Isles, rather than being limited to the wool staple.^[43]
1297	12 June	Treaties of alliance between Philip IV of France and John of Avesnes, Count of Hainaut, culminate in a trade treaty allowing merchants from Hainaut to trade freely in the kingdom of France.^[44]
	5 November	Guy, Count of Flanders and Marquis of Namur transfers government of Namur to John of Namur, his eldest son by Isabelle of Luxembourg, breaking the personal union of Namur with the County of Flanders (which would pass to Robert, Guy's son by Matilda of Béthune).^[45]

Year	Date	Event
1302	11 July	Battle of the Golden Spurs: Flemish forces defeat knights of Philip IV of France near Kortrijk
1303	9 July	Aldermen of the city of Namur authorize formation of a butchers' guild with militia obligations, requiring members to arm themselves, follow their own banner, and bury their own dead.^[46]
1312	27 September	The Charter of Kortenberg finalised at Kortenberg Abbey, establishing fundamental rights for the inhabitants of the Duchy of Brabant such as no punishment without due process. Council of four knights and ten representatives of the boroughs established (beginnings of representative institutions in the duchy).
	27 October	John II, Duke of Brabant, dies; succeeded by John III
1313	24 August	Henry of Luxembourg died in Buonconvento while besieging Siena, reputedly of poison put in the chalice during mass.^[47]
1317	11 April	Works begins on a new cloth hall in Leuven, which is now University Hall.^[48]
1322	24 June	Joanna of Brabant born.
1323	June	Rebellion of the commoners in maritime Flanders, sparked by Louis I, Count of Flanders, ceding Sluis to John I, Marquis of Namur.^[49]
1327	30 August	Pope John XXII provides a dispensation for the marriage of Philippa of Hainault and Edward III of England. The marriage itself took place by proxy in Valenciennes in October.^[50]
1328	24 January	Marriage of Philippa of Hainault and Edward III of England celebrated in York Minster.^[50]
1328	23 August	Battle of Cassel: Philip VI of France defeats Flemish rebels led by Nicolaas Zannekin.^[51]
1339	3 December	Treaty of mutual support between John III, Duke of Brabant and Louis I, Count of Flanders, and the cities subject to them, providing for offensive and defensive alliance and free trade between their territories.^[52]
1340	24 June	Battle of Sluys
1345	24 July	Jacob van Artevelde killed in Ghent.^[53]
1355	8 March	The boroughs of the Duchy of Brabant and the Duchy of Limburg undertake to remain united under a single prince after the death of John III, Duke of Brabant, not allowing the territory to be divided among his heirs.^[54]
	5 December	John III, Duke of Brabant, died; succeeded by Joanna
1356	3 January	Joyous Entry of 1356: Joanna, Duchess of Brabant and her husband Wenceslaus I of Luxembourg sign the great charter of liberties of the Duchy of Brabant.^[55]
1370		Extirpation of small Jewish population of Brabant after accusations of profaning eucharistic hosts.
1379		Ghent Revolt led by Philip van Artevelde begins
1382	3 May	Battle of Beverhoutsveld – men of Ghent take Bruges and gain control over most of the county of Flanders
	27 November	Men of Ghent defeated in Battle of Roosebeke; Philip van Artevelde slain
1383	25 May	Battle of Dunkirk
	8 June to 8 August	Siege of Ypres
1384	30 January	Louis II, Count of Flanders, last count of the House of Dampierre, dies; succeeded by his daughter Margaret III, Countess of Flanders, whose husband Philip the Bold ruled on her behalf: beginning of period of Burgundian rule in the Low Countries
1385	18 December	Peace of Tournai ends the Ghent Revolt
1386	15 February	Philip the Bold founds the Lille Chamber of Accounts to audit the accounts of his functionaries in the county of Flanders.^[56]
1387	2 November	Oldest record of the incorporation of the Brussels guild of painters, goldbeaters and glassmakers.^[57]
1389		John of Bavaria elected Prince-Bishop of Liège (resigned 1418).
1390	28 September	Joanna, Duchess of Brabant secretly relinquishes possession of the Duchy of Brabant to her niece, Margaret of Male, and offspring thereof.^[58]
1392	1 November	John of Bavaria, bishop-elect of Liège, writes to Philip the Bold to intercede for merchants from Liège arrested by the officers of Rethel.^[59]

Year	Date	Event
1408	9 September	John the Fearless takes fiscal measures to pay Alexander Stewart, Earl of Mar's archers joining him on the Liège campaign. (Letter bearing only known surviving signature of John the Fearless).^[60]
	28 September	Battle of Othée: forces of John the Fearless and John of Bavaria defeat Liège rebels.
1411		Suppression of the Homines Intelligentiae in Brussels.^[61]
1421	23 April	Philip the Good transfers usufruct of the County of Namur to John of Flanders, Lord of Béthune, for the duration of his life.^[62]
1425	9 December	Pope Martin V issues papal bull founding University of Leuven.
1441		Tapestry weavers of Oudenaarde form the Guild of St Barbara.^[63]
1450	28 February	Tournament held on the main square in Leuven in the presence of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy and Brabant.^[64]
1451	28 October	Guilds of Ghent take up arms against the Count of Flanders, Philip the Good.
1452	31 May	Philip the Good declares war on the city of Ghent.
	7 September	Writer and translator Jean Wauquelin dies in Mons.
1453	23 July	Battle of Gavere: forces of Philip the Good defeat rebels of Ghent, ending their rebellion.
1454	17 February	The Feast of the Pheasant, a banquet given by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, held in Lille.
1458	3 August	Tower of St. Peter's Church, Leuven, catches fire.
1464	9 January–12 February	Estates General of 1464: first joint meeting of representatives of various territories of the Burgundian Netherlands.^[65]
1465	20 October	Battle of Montenaken: forces of Philip the Good defeat Liège militiamen.^[66]^: 72–73
	22 December	Treaty of Saint-Trond ends hostilities between Liège and Burgundy, subjecting the prince-bishopric of Liège to Burgundian control.^[66]^: 72-73
1466	19 to 25 August 1466	Dinant sacked by the forces of Philip the Good, commanded by Charles the Bold
1467	15 June	Death of Philip the Good; Charles the Bold succeeds as Duke of Burgundy.
	28 October	Battle of Brustem: forces of Charles the Bold defeat forces of Liège.
	12 November	City of Liège surrenders to Charles the Bold.
1468	3 July	Marriage of Charles the Bold and Margaret of York (Now commemorated with the five-yearly Procession of the Golden Tree)
	September	Liège again rises against Burgundian rule.^[66]^: 74
	27 October	Army of Charles the Bold reaches Liège.^[66]^: 78
	29 October	Six hundred Franchimontois raid the Burgundian encampment outside Liège, failing to dislodge besiegers.^[66]^: 79
	30 October to 2 November	City of Liège pillaged by Burgundian troops.
	3 November	Charles the Bold orders the city of Liège systematically razed, sparing only the churches and the houses of canons.^[66]^: 84
1469	1 July	Charles the Bold grants Prince-Bishop Louis of Bourbon permission to begin rebuilding Liège.^[66]^: 86-87
1473	24 April	Charles the Bold appointed mediator in the peace negotiations between Poland and Hungary.^[67]
	December	Charles the Bold overhauls the administrative structures of the Burgundian Netherlands: establishes Great Council of Mechelen; orders the chambers of accounts of Lille and Brussels be combined and sit in Mechelen.^[68]
1477	5 January	Charles the Bold dies in the Battle of Nancy.
	29 May	Joyous Entry of Mary of Burgundy in Leuven as Duchess of Brabant.^[69]
	18 August	Maximilian of Austria makes his entry into Ghent.
	19 August	Marriage between Mary of Burgundy and Maximilian of Austria celebrated.
1478	22 July	Birth of Philip the Fair
1479	7 August	Battle of Guinegate: forces of Mary of Burgundy and her husband Maximilian I of Habsburg defeat forces of Louis XI of France.
1480	10 January	Birth of Margaret of Burgundy
1482	27 March	Mary of Burgundy dies as a result of having fallen from her horse while hawking some weeks earlier. Leaving an infant heir and a foreign husband, this set the scene for the Flemish revolts against Maximilian of Austria (1483–1485).
	3 April	Funeral of Mary of Burgundy in Church of Our Lady, Bruges
	30 August	Louis de Bourbon, Bishop of Liège assassinated by William de La Marck.
	19 November	Six women burned at the stake in Bruges for having committed "sodomy" with women.^[70]
	23 December	Treaty of Arras between Louis XI of France and Maximilian I of Habsburg as heir of the Burgundian Netherlands, ceding Burgundy and Artois to France.
		Oldest surviving parish register from the territory of what is now Belgium: marriage register from the Church of St Gudula in Brussels.^[71]
1493	23 May	Treaty of Senlis: Charles VIII of France cedes the County of Flanders and County of Artois to the House of Habsburg.^[72]
1495	20 January	Wedding contracts concluded for the double marriage of Philip the Fair and Margaret of Burgundy to Joanna of Castile and John, Prince of Asturias.^[73]
	5 November	Double wedding by proxy of Philip the Fair and Margaret of Burgundy to Joanna of Castile and John, Prince of Asturias.^[73]
1500	24 February	Birth of the future Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, in Ghent.
	7 March	Christening of the future Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, in Ghent, with Margaret of York, Margaret of Austria, Charles, Prince of Chimay, and John, Lord of Bergen op Zoom as godparents.^[74]^: 3
	May	Philip of Burgundy received as ruler in Béthune, Saint-Omer and Dunkirk.^[74]^: 4
	9 June	Conference outside Calais between Henry VII of England and Philip of Burgundy.^[74]^: 4

Year	Date	Event
1501	18 July	Birth of Isabella of Austria, daughter of Philip of Burgundy and Joanna of Castile, future Queen of Christian II of Denmark.
1509	25 June	Pope Julius II grants indulgence for those contributing to the rebuilding of the collegiate church of Dinant, equal to the indulgence for a pilgrimage to Rome.^[75]
1511	2 April	Érard de La Marck, Prince-Bishop of Liège, orders publication of Julius II's bull granting an indulgence for those contributing to the rebuilding of the collegiate church of Dinant.^[75]
1521	8 May	Charles V issues decree for the Habsburg Netherlands prohibiting Lutheran preaching, teaching, printing or disputation, largely parallel to the Edict of Worms that he was to sign for the Empire as a whole on 26 May but providing more repressive powers to secular authorities.^[76]
1523	1 July	Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes burned at the stake in Brussels for their adherence to Lutheran doctrines.^[77]
	8 September	Pope Adrian VI draws up a last will and testament to dispose of his possessions in the Habsburg Netherlands, among other bequests founding a papal college for students of Theology at the University of Leuven.^[78]
1526	14 January	Peace of Madrid temporarily ends the war between Charles V and Francis I of France, with France briefly relinquishing all claim to the County of Flanders, County of Artois, Tournai and the Tournaisis, and the Duchy of Burgundy.^[79]
1531	26 September	Mary of Hungary appointed regent over the Habsburg Netherlands.^[80]
1532	11 September	Charles V issues decree establishing protocols and procedure of the reorganized Council of Luxembourg.^[81]
1540	4 October	New edict requiring printers and booksellers to provide local magistrates with inventories of their stock.^[77]
1546	9 May	University of Leuven issues the first index of prohibited books.^[77]
1542	August	French forces plunder Arlon.^[82]
	1 September	Francis I of France appoints Claude, Duke of Guise as governor of the Duchy of Luxembourg.
1544		Peace of Crépy ends the war between Charles V and Francis I of France, returning status quo of 1538: Duchy of Luxembourg restored to the Habsburg Netherlands.^[82]
1549	12 September	Edict regulating the organization of markets throughout the Habsburg Netherlands.^[82]
1559	12 April	King Philip establishes the Royal Library of the Low Countries.^[83]
1566	5 April	Compromise of Nobles petition Margaret of Parma to suspend the laws on heresy.^[84]
	31 July	Philip II of Spain authorises Margaret of Parma to abolish the inquisition in the Habsburg Netherlands.^[84]
	August to September	Iconoclastic Fury: churches and monasteries vandalised and plundered in many parts of the Habsburg Netherlands.
1567	15 March	Attempted Calvinist coup in Antwerp.^[85]
	June	Margaret of Parma reinstitutes suspended edicts against heresy.^[84]
1568	18 May	Duke of Alva banishes thirty inhabitants of the city of Antwerp and their spouses, with forfeiture of property, for supporting or disseminating Calvinism – including the pensionary of the city, Jacques van Wesenbeke, and the head of the Calvinist consistory in Antwerp, the Portuguese merchant Marcus Perez.^[85]
	5 June	Lamoral, Count of Egmont, and Philip de Montmorency, Count of Horn, executed in Brussels.
	20 October	Battle of Jodoigne
1569	17 May	Maximilien Morillon founds the first diocesan seminary in Mechelen.^[86]
1570	30 May	Abraham Ortelius' Theatrum Orbis Terrarum published in Antwerp.
1572	3 July	Gerard van Groesbeeck, Prince-Bishop of Liège, promulgates a new codification of the legal procedures in the principality's courts.^[87]
1574	6 June	Don Luis de Requesens, Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands, issues general pardon to rebels willing to return to loyalty.^[84]
1575	16 June	Philip II of Spain decrees that the change of year is to be counted from 1 January throughout the Habsburg Netherlands, rather than from Christmas (25 December), the Feast of the Annunciation (25 March) or Easter day, as was the custom in various parts.^[88]
1576	4 November	Sack of Antwerp by Spanish mutineers from the Army of Flanders.
	8 November	Pacification of Ghent: alliance of the provinces of the Habsburg Netherlands to drive mutineers from the Army of Flanders from the country and promote a peace treaty with the rebellious provinces Holland and Zeeland.
1577	1 May	John of Austria makes his formal entry into Brussels as Governor General of the Low Countries.^[89]
1578	1 October	Governor General John of Austria dies near Namur.
1579	6 January	Union of Arras concluded.^[90]
	17 May	Treaty of Arras signed between the Union of Arras and Philip II of Spain.
1596	11 February	Archduke Albert arrives in Brussels to begin his administration as Governor General of the Habsburg Netherlands.
	24 April	Archduke Albert takes Calais.^[91]
	18 August	Archduke Albert takes Hulst.^[91]
1597	11 March	Army of Flanders takes Amiens.^[91]
	10 September	Philip II of Spain decides to bequeath his lands in the Low Countries and Burgundy to his daughter, Isabella Clara Eugenia.^[92]
1598	2 May	Peace of Vervins signed.^[91]
	6 May	Philip II of Spain signs the Act of Cession bequeathing the Habsburg Netherlands to his daughter, the Infanta Isabella.^[91]
	13 September	Philip II of Spain dies.
	14 September	Archduke Albert departs from Brussels to marry the Infanta Isabella.^[91]
1599	9 February	Edict prohibiting all trade with the enemy issued.^[93]
	18 April	Archduke Albert marries Infanta Isabella.^[91]
	20 August	Archduke Albert and Infanta Isabella arrive in the Low Countries.^[91]
	28 August	Archduke Albert and Infanta Isabella make their Joyous Entry into Brussels.^[91]
1600	5 February	Battle of Lekkerbeetje in the countryside outside 's-Hertogenbosch
	28 April	Estates General meet in Brussels.^[94]
	2 July	Battle of Nieuwpoort between the armies of Maurice of Nassau and the Archduke Albert.

Year	Date	Event
1704	20 June	Edict in the name of Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, reorganises office of notary in the Habsburg Netherlands.^[119]
1711	30 September	Art school established in Brussels, later to become the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, Brussels.^[120]
1713	29 January	Second Barrier Treaty confirms the closing of the Scheldt.^[121]
1714	6 March	Treaty of Rastatt signed: hostilities between France and Austria arising from War of the Spanish Succession cease; Spanish Netherlands become Austrian Netherlands.^[122]
1715		Start of Flemish China trade.^[121]
1719	5 February to 3 August	The Saint-Joseph sails from Ostend to Canton.^[121]
	19 September	Frans Anneessens, dean of the masons' guild, beheaded in Brussels for resisting innovations in city government detrimental to the power of the guilds of Brussels.^[123]
1720	3 June	The Saint-Joseph reaches its home port of Ostend after a voyage to Canton, bringing a cargo of tea, porcelain, silk, and Chinese roots.^[121]
1722	19 December	Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor grants a charter to the Ostend Company to trade with the Indies.^[124]
1723	22 April	Work starts on Henri-Joseph Rega's new wing on the University Hall (Leuven).^[125]
	11–12 August	Shares in the Ostend Company issued on Antwerp Exchange.^[121]
1725	14 March	Henri-Joseph Rega's new wing on the University Hall (Leuven), taken into use.^[125]
1727	18 July	Ostend Company petitions for the harbour of Ostend to be deepened.^[126]
1734	16 February	Ostend Company officially ceases trading in accordance with the Treaty of Vienna (1731).^[127]
1737	16 February	Ostend Company officially wound up.^[121]
1738		Henri-Joseph Rega establishes Leuven's botanical garden.^[128]
1744		Henri-Joseph Rega establishes Leuven University's anatomical theatre.^[129]
1745	11 May	Battle of Fontenoy
	9 July	Battle of Melle
	15 July	Fall of Ghent
	August	Siege of Ostend
1746	January to February	Siege of Brussels
	11 October	Battle of Rocoux
1748	24 April	Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle convenes in Aachen to negotiate an end to the War of the Austrian Succession
	18 October	Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ends the War of the Austrian Succession
1771	7 January	Privy Council grants necessary permits for artillery general Joseph de Ferraris to chart Mechelen and Brabant.^[130]
1775		François-Charles de Velbrück establishes an academy of fine arts in Liège
1778	6 August	Government edict regulating registration of baptisms, weddings and funerals: parish priests ordered to ensure that registrations of baptisms include the child's date of birth and the parents' places of birth; of weddings include the full names, status, place of birth and place of residence of the parties; of funerals include the date and time of death; and that a copy of each year's new entries in the parish register be deposited with the provincial authorities every January.^[71]
1779	5 April	François-Charles de Velbrück founds the Société littéraire de Liège.
1780	29 November	Death of Maria Theresa.
1782	1 August	Council of Luxembourg becomes a "sovereign" court: its legal decisions can no longer be appealed to the Great Council of Mechelen.^[81]
1787	1 January	Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, decrees the abolition of the Council of Brabant and the institution of new law courts for the Duchy of Brabant,^[131] to take effect from 1 May 1787.^[132]
	20 April	Council of Brabant declares its abolition unconstitutional.^[131]
	21 September	Joseph II's interim minister plenipotentiary, Sir Joseph Murray, 3rd Baronet, postpones the abolition of the Council of Brabant.^[131]
1788	22 January	Council of Brabant refuses to issue a new decree by Joseph II's minister plenipotentiary, Ferdinand von Trauttmansdorff.^[131]
1789	26 August	Republic of Liège proclaimed.^[133]
	October	Army of émigré volunteers invades the Austrian Netherlands.^[131] Manifesto of the People of Brabant published. Government forces defeated in Battle of Turnhout (1789).
1790	4 January	Manifesto of the Province of Flanders: States of Flanders repudiate loyalty to the count of Flanders and the House of Austria and declare the old County of Flanders an independent sovereign state
	11 January	United States of Belgium proclaimed.
	22 September	Battle of Falmagne: short-lived restoration of Austrian rule in the Low Countries

Year	Date	Event
1801	9 February	Treaty of Lunéville reaffirms French annexation of the former Austrian Netherlands.^[138]
1806	27 May	Minor Seminary, Roeselare, opens.
1810	2 May	Napoleon Bonaparte attends the launching of the warship Friedland in Antwerp.^[139]
1814	31 March	Battle of Courtrai between French and Saxon forces.
	21 July	Belgium made part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.^[140]
1815	16 June	Battle of Ligny: Napoleon Bonaparte's last victory.
	18 June	Battle of Waterloo: final defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte.
1822		Société Générale founded
1830	25 August	Belgian Revolution begins
	26 December	Allied powers recognise Belgian independence.^[140]
1831	21 July	Leopold, Prince of Coburg, sworn in as king of the Belgians.^[141]
	2–12 August	Ten Days' Campaign: Dutch attempt to re-establish rule over Belgium fails, but Dutch forces retain control of Antwerp Citadel.
1832	20 October	Albert Joseph Goblet d'Alviella replaces Félix de Muelenaere as Prime Minister
	15 November to 23 December	Siege of Antwerp by Belgian army with French support forces Dutch from Antwerp Citadel.
1834	4 August	Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt replaces Albert Joseph Goblet d'Alviella as Prime Minister
1835	9 June	Partial legislative elections held.
1836	18 June	Belgium adopts the metric system.^[1]^: 627
1837	28 December	Pastoral letter of Belgian bishops deprecates Catholic membership of masonic lodges.^[1]^: 628
1838		Hendrik Conscience's De Leeuw van Vlaenderen published.
1839	4 February	The Kingdom of the Netherlands recognises Belgian independence.^[141]
	19 April	Treaty of London signed, finalising international guarantees of Belgian independence and neutrality.^[142]^: 39
1840	18 April	Joseph Lebeau replaces Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt as Prime Minister
1841	13 April	Jean-Baptiste Nothomb replaces Joseph Lebeau as Prime Minister
1845	30 July	Sylvain Van de Weyer replaces Jean-Baptiste Nothomb as Prime Minister
1846	31 March	Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt replaces Sylvain Van de Weyer as Prime Minister
1847	12 August	Charles Rogier replaces Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt as Prime Minister
1848	1 April	French Republican agitators seeking to foment revolution in Belgium arrested at Quiévrain.^[142]^: 244
	13 June	Belgian general election, 1848
1850	5 May	National Bank of Belgium founded
	11 June	Partial legislative elections
1851	27 October	Commercial treaty between Belgium and the United Kingdom concluded in London.^[142]^: 338^[143]
1852	8 June	Partial legislative elections of 1852
	31 October	Henri de Brouckère replaces Charles Rogier as Prime Minister
1853	22 August	Marriage of Leopold, Duke of Brabant, heir to the Belgian throne, and Marie Henriette of Austria.^[142]^: 389
1854	27 February	Commercial treaty with France on tariffs, transit and navigation for five years.^[144]
	13 June	Partial legislative elections of 1854
1855	30 March	Pierre de Decker replaces Henri de Brouckère as Prime Minister
1856	10 June	Partial legislative elections of 1856
1857	9 November	Charles Rogier replaces Pierre de Decker as Prime Minister
	10 December	Belgian general election, 1857

Year	Date	Event
1901	3 November	Birth of future king Leopold III of Belgium.
1902	25 May	Partial legislative elections
	15 November	Italian anarchist Gennaro Rubino attempts to assassinate Leopold II
1904	1 May	Belgium national football team play their first official game, against France.
	29 May	Partial legislative elections
1905	27 April to 6 November	Exposition Universelle et Internationale de Liège takes place.^[153]
1906	27 May	Partial legislative elections
1907	23 July	Port of Zeebrugge formally opened.
1908	24 May	Partial legislative elections
	15 November	Belgium assumes sovereignty of the Congo under the Colonial Charter on the Belgian annexation of the Congo Free State
1909	17 December	Death of Leopold II, King of the Belgians
	23 December	Accession of Albert I as King of the Belgians
1910	23 April to 1 November	Exposition Universelle et Internationale (world's fair) held in Brussels.
	22 May	Partial legislative elections
1911		Stoclet Palace completed
		Maurice Maeterlinck awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature
1912	2 June	Belgian general election, 1912
1913	6 April to 31 October	Exposition universelle et internationale (1913), World's Fair in Ghent.
1914	24 May	Partial legislative elections
	4 August	German invasion with attendant atrocities: beginning of Belgian involvement in the First World War.
1918	11 November	Armistice ends First World War.
1919	16 November	Belgian general election, 1919
1920	14 August to 12 September	1920 Summer Olympics held in Antwerp.
1921	June	Crown Prince Hirohito's official visit to Belgium.^[154]^[155]
	20 November	Belgian general election, 1921
1923	23 May	Sabena is founded at Brussels Airport
1925	6 March	Annexation of Eupen and Malmedy to the Kingdom of Belgium.
	5 April	Belgian general election, 1925
		Henri de Baillet-Latour is elected President of the International Olympic Committee
1926	20 October	Labour Treaty establishing free movement of labour between Belgium and Luxembourg signed at Luxembourg.^[156]
	10 November	Wedding of King Leopold III of Belgium and Astrid of Sweden.
1929	10 January	The Adventures of Tintin first published in Le Petit Vingtième
	26 May	Belgian general election, 1929
1930	3 May to 3 November	Exposition internationale held in Liège
	7 September	Birth of future king Baudouin of Belgium
1931	12 May	Eugène Ysaÿe dies.
1932	27 November	Belgian general election, 1932
1933	20 February	Convention regarding Establishment and Labour signed at Geneva, establishing free movement of labour between Belgium and the Netherlands.^[157]
1934	17 February	Death of Albert I, King of the Belgians.
	6 June	Birth of King Albert II of Belgium

Year	Date	Event
2001	25 October	Elisabeth, duchess of Brabant is born in Anderlecht.
	6 November	Belgian national airline Sabena declared bankrupt
2002	1 January	Euro enters into circulation to replace the Belgian franc
	November	Frank De Winne is the second Belgian in space
		Strépy-Thieu boat lift is completed
2003	18 May	Belgian federal election, 2003 leads to formation of Verhofstadt II Government (sworn in 12 July)
2004	1–22 March	Trial of serial killer and child molester Marc Dutroux, sentenced to life imprisonment
2005		Celebration of 175 years of Belgian independence and 25 years of federalism
2006	8 October	2006 Belgian local elections
2007	10 June	Belgian federal election, 2007
2008	20 March	Leterme I Government sworn in
	30 December	Van Rompuy Government sworn in following Yves Leterme's resignation as Prime Minister
2009	4 January	Johan Bonny consecrated as bishop of Antwerp
	11 October	Father Damien canonised by Pope Benedict XVI
	December	Herman Van Rompuy becomes the first President of the European Council
2010	27 February	André-Joseph Léonard succeeds Godfried Danneels as archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels
	22 April	Fall of Leterme II Government
	23 April	Pope Benedict XVI accepts the resignation of child molester Roger Vangheluwe as bishop of Bruges
	13 June	Belgian federal election, 2010 leads to formation of Di Rupo Government 541 days later
2011	October	Sixth Belgian state reform finalised
	6 December	Di Rupo Government sworn in 541 days after the Belgian federal election, 2010
2012	24 October	Closure of Ford Genk announced, to be completed in 2014 with loss of over 4,000 jobs.^[167]
2013	21 July	Philippe becomes 7th king of the Belgians
2014	24 May	Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting kills four
	25 May	Belgian federal election, 2014
2015	6 November	Jozef De Kesel succeeds André-Joseph Léonard as archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels
	21 to 25 November	Brussels lockdown
2016	22 March	2016 Brussels bombings
	20 December	Publifin scandal [fr] breaks in Le Vif/L'Express
2017	31 May	Samusocial scandal [fr] breaks in Brussels parliament
2018	9 December	Michel I Government splits, to be succeeded by Michel II Government, after division over endorsement of the Global Compact for Migration
2019	26 May	2019 Belgian federal election
2020	4 February	Public confirmation of first patient tested positive for the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium^[168]
2021	4 to 5 May	DDOS attack on Belnet disrupts accessibility of websites using the .be domain, including those of the Belgian government, parliament, police, educational and research institutions, health care, and public broadcasters,^[169]^[170] forcing the postponement of parliamentary hearings relating to the persecution of Uyghurs in China.^[171]

Year	Date	Event
1601	5 July	Siege of Ostend begins.
1602	7 January	General assault on Ostend launched.^[95]
	July	Ambrogio Spinola arrives in the Low Countries with 8,000 men to reinforce the Army of Flanders
	18 July to 20 September	Siege of Grave
	September	Mutiny of Hoogstraten begins.
	November	Military engineer Pompeo Targone arrives in the camp before Ostend.^[96]
1603	26 May	Federico Spinola dies in the Battle of Sluis.^[97]
	2 June	Tanneken Sconyncx, suspected witch, dies under torture.^[98]
	October	Ambrogio Spinola appointed commander-in-chief of the army besieging Ostend.^[99]
1604	19 May	Maurice of Nassau lays siege to Sluis.^[100]
	20 September	Negotiations for the surrender of Ostend begin.^[101]
	22 September	Siege of Ostend concludes.^[101]
1605	17 May	Don Íñigo de Borja repulses attempted Dutch landing at Blokkersdijk, near Antwerp.^[102]
	1 July	Foundation of Liège College, Leuven
1607	August	Beginning of a series of six witch trials in Laarne (ending May 1608).^[103]
1609	9 January	Death of Joannes Bochius, secretary to the city of Antwerp
	9 April	Twelve Years' Truce agreed in Antwerp
1611	12 July	Perpetual Edict (1611) reforming the basic rules of criminal and civil procedure in the courts of the Habsburg Netherlands.^[104]
1614	6 May	Aylid, wife of Giele le Hayverlin, sentenced to death for witchcraft by the magistrates of Ouffet: one of the first trials in a local spate of witchcraft accusations.^[105]
	27 December	Death of Maximiliaan de Vriendt, secretary to the city of Ghent
1617		Fund-raising lottery held to fund the opening of Mounts of piety in the Low Countries.^[106]
1618	28 September	Opening of Mount of piety (low-interest loan bank) in Brussels, founded by Wenceslas Cobergher.^[107]
1619	May to September	Tax resistance by Guilds of Brussels.^[108]
1620	19 February	First Flemish newspaper, Nieuwe Tijdinghen, begins regular publication.^[109]
	3 May	Chamber of Rhetoric De Peoene hosts a rhetoric competition in Mechelen.^[110]
1621	April	Twelve Years' Truce expires.
	13 July	Death of Albert VII, Archduke of Austria; Spanish Netherlands revert to Philip IV of Spain; Isabella Clara Eugenia remains in Brussels as Governess General
1622	29 August	Battle of Fleurus: Army of Flanders defeats Protestant German invasion force.
1624	Lent	Fr Charles of Brussels preaches the Forty Hours' Devotion at the court chapel in Brussels.^[111]
1629	30 April to 14 September	Siege of 's-Hertogenbosch: one of the four chief cities of the Duchy of Brabant falls to the Dutch Republic.
1632		Political crisis: Conspiracy of Nobles and Siege of Maastricht prompt Isabella Clara Eugenia, Governess General of the Spanish Netherlands, to summon the final session of the Estates General.^[112]
1633	1 December	Death of Isabella Clara Eugenia
1634	4 November	Arrival of Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria as new governor general.^[113]
1635	May to July	Beginning of hostilities in the Franco-Spanish War (1635–59): Battle of Les Avins, Sack of Tienen, Siege of Leuven
1637	17 April	Exiled Dutch nobleman René de Renesse, 1st Count of Warfusée, has the mayor of Liège, Sébastien de La Ruelle, murdered by Spanish soldiers.^[114]
1638	24 May to 16 July	Siege of Saint-Omer: French army fails to take the city of Saint-Omer
	20 June	Battle of Kallo: Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria prevents Dutch forces from encircling Antwerp.
1639	7 June	Relief of Thionville: imperial forces under Ottavio Piccolomini break the French siege of Thionville in the Duchy of Luxembourg
1642	26 May	Army of Flanders victorious in the Battle of Honnecourt
		David Teniers the Younger, The Guard Room (painting)
1643	19 May	Army of Flanders defeated in the Battle of Rocroi
		David Teniers the Younger, The Oude Voetboog Guild in the Grote Markt (painting)
1644		Pieter and François Hemony cast the first tuned carillon
	28 July	Gravelines taken by the French after a two-month siege
1648	15 May	Peace of Münster ends the war with the Dutch Republic.
1651	20 March	Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria lays the foundation stone of the Capuchin church in Brussels, designed by Fr Charles of Brussels.^[115]
1652	14 July	Jacobus de la Torre consecrates the new Capuchin church in Brussels, designed by Fr Charles of Brussels.^[116]
1658	14 June	Battle of the Dunes: the Army of Flanders and British Royalist allies fail to raise the French-Cromwellian Siege of Dunkirk, leading to the loss of the city.
1666	2 October	Charles II of Great Britain issues the city of Bruges with a Fisheries Privilege in gratitude for the hospitality shown him by the city during his exile.
1669	5 June	Death of Fr Charles of Brussels at the Capuchin house in Brussels.^[117]
1671	27 June	Marguerite Tiste, a native of Jemappes convicted of witchcraft, strangled and burned at the stake on the main square in Mons.^[118]
1695	2 July to 1 September	Siege of Namur
	13–15 August	Bombardment of Brussels by the army of Louis XIV

History of the Low Countries
Frisii			Belgae
	Cana– nefates	Chamavi, Tubantes		Gallia Belgica (55 BC–c. 5th AD) Germania Inferior (83–c. 5th)
	Cana– nefates	Salian Franks		Batavi
unpopulated (4th–c. 5th)		Saxons	Salian Franks (4th–c. 5th)
Frisian Kingdom (c. 6th–734)			Frankish Kingdom (481–843)—Carolingian Empire (800–843)
Frisian Kingdom (c. 6th–734)		Austrasia (511–687)


Middle Francia (843–855)					West Francia (843–)
Kingdom of Lotharingia (855– 959) Duchy of Lower Lorraine (959–)					West Francia (843–)
Frisia
Frisian Freedom (11–16th century)	County of Holland (880–1432)	Bishopric of Utrecht (695–1456)	Duchy of Brabant (1183–1430) Duchy of Guelders (1046–1543)		County of Flanders (862–1384)	County of Hainaut (1071–1432) County of Namur (981–1421)	P.-Bish. of Liège (980–1794)	Duchy of Luxem- bourg (1059–1443)
	Burgundian Netherlands (1384–1482)
	Habsburg Netherlands (1482–1795) (Seventeen Provinces after 1543)
Dutch Republic (1581–1795)				Spanish Netherlands (1556–1714)
				Austrian Netherlands (1714–1795)
				United States of Belgium (1790)			R. Liège (1789–'91)

Batavian Republic (1795–1806) Kingdom of Holland (1806–1810)				associated with French First Republic (1795–1804) part of First French Empire (1804–1815)

Princip. of the Netherlands (1813–1815)
Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1830)								Gr D. L. (1815–)
Kingdom of the Netherlands (1839–)				Kingdom of Belgium (1830–)				Gr D. L. (1815–)
								Gr D. of Luxem- bourg (1890–)