Timeline_of_Radom

Timeline of Radom

Timeline of Radom

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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Radom, Poland.[1]

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Timeline of the Radom history
Affiliations

Kingdom of Poland 1000s–1569
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1569–1795
Habsburg monarchy 1795-1804
Austrian Empire 1804-1809
Duchy of Warsaw 1809-1815
Russian Empire 1815–1917
Republic of Poland 1918–1939
General Government 1939–1945
People's Republic of Poland 1945–1989
Republic of Poland 1989–present

Middle Ages

Saint Catherine church, founded by King Casimir IV Jagiellon

Modern period

  • 1505: a Sejm in Radom passes the Nihil novi constitution and Łaski's Statute, the first real bill of rights of Poland
  • 1564: 1800 inhabitants, 180 houses, 14 butchers' shops, two baths and two wells
  • 1613: Radom becomes the place where the Highest Fiscal Courts are held
  • 1628: Great fire destroys the town
  • 1656: Charles X of Sweden stays in town during The Deluge
  • 1660: the city plundered by Sweden; after they leave the town has 395 inhabitants and 37 houses
  • 1724: Augustus II the Strong grant to Radom privilege De non tollerandis judaeis
  • 1737–1756: Kolegium Pijarów [the Piarists College] school founded
  • 1763: Fiscal Tribunal moved to Warsaw; the town has 1370 inhabitants and 137 buildings
  • 1779: 3rd Infantry Regiment of the Polish Crown Army stationed in Radom.[2]
  • 1780: 3rd Infantry Regiment relocated from Radom to Warsaw.[2]
  • 1780s: 3rd Infantry Regiment relocated from Warsaw back to Radom.[2]
  • 1795: After the 3rd Partition Radom is annexed by Austria
Piarist College in the 19th century
  • 1809: Radom becomes capital of a department of the Duchy of Warsaw
  • 1812: Catholic cemetery at Limanowskiego Street founded.[3]
  • 1815: Radom, after the Congress of Vienna, becomes part of Russian-controlled Congress Poland
  • 1817: First lay school founded
  • 1819: Fryderyk August Schnierstein opens a tannery, the date is considered a start of towns industrialisation
  • 1844: Radom becomes the capital of Radom-Kielce government
  • 1846: Saint Casimir hospital founded.[4]
  • 1867: Creation of Radom local government; the sewers are built
  • 1885: Dęblin–Dąbrowa Górnicza railway opened
  • 1901: electricity plant opened
  • 1906: Notable Polish independence fighter Kazimierz Sosnkowski, and future Polish politician and general, escaped from Warsaw to Radom, pursued by the Russian Okhrana, and became the commander of the local Polish Combat Organization.[5]
Kościelna Street in 1917
  • 1908: Population: 39,981.[6]
  • 1910: Radomiak Radom football club founded.
  • 1911: Radom has 51,934 inhabitants
  • 1920–1939: Radom becomes a part of the Central Industrial Area (Centralny Okręg Przemysłowy); Chemical Plant, arms and munitions factory (Łucznik Arms Factory), gas works, telephone and shoe factories are founded
  • 1921
  • 1922: 72nd Infantry Regiment of the Polish Army stationed in Radom.
  • 1926: Broń Radom football club founded.
  • 1935: Radom–Warsaw railway opened. It significantly shortened rail distance between Warsaw and Kraków
  • 1938: 90,059 inhabitants

World War II

  • 1939
    • German invasion of Poland, Radom occupied and made the capital of the Radom District of the General Government
    • September 21: German Einsatzgruppe II entered the city to commit various crimes against the population.[8]
    • September: The Germans closed down the local technical high school and established a hospital for wounded Polish and later German soldiers in its place.[7]
    • October 24: The Germans carried out a public execution of 24 Poles.[9]
    • November 5: The Germans carried out a public execution of 5 Poles.[9]
    • December 2: The Germans carried out a public execution of 19 Poles.[9]
    • December 14: The Germans carried out a public execution of 24 Poles.[9]
    • December 15: The Germans carried out a public execution of 13 Poles.[9]
    • December 19: The Germans carried out a public execution of 16 Poles.[9]
Monument and cemetery in Firlej where the Germans murdered around 15,000 Poles and Jews
  • 1940
    • January 12: The Germans carried out a public execution of 10 Polish men.[9]
    • March: Polish Rada Główna Opiekuńcza organization established a kitchen at the railway station that prepared meals for the most needy.[10]
    • March 29: The Germans carried out an execution of 69 Poles from Stefanków in the Firlej district.[11]
    • March 31: The German Feldgendarmerie carried out an execution of 43 Polish farmers, craftsmen and forest workers from Gałki in the Firlej district.[11]
    • April–May: Around 100 Poles from Radom were murdered by the Russians in the large Katyn massacre.[12]
    • May 16 and 24: The Germans carried out executions of 98 Poles, including teenagers, in the Firlej district.[13]
    • July 10 and 15: Deportations of Poles from the local prison to the Auschwitz concentration camp.[14]
    • August 20: Deportation of Poles from the local prison to the Auschwitz concentration camp.[14]
    • October 16: The Germans established a forced labour camp for Jews.[15]
    • November 9: Deportation of Poles from the local prison to the Auschwitz concentration camp.[14]
Former seat of the Gestapo and NKVD during the occupation
  • 1941
    • January: First German execution in the present-day Kosów district.[16]
    • April: Radom Ghetto established.
  • 1942
    • September: The Germans discovered secret activity of the Polish resistance movement at the local arms factory and carried out mass arrests of its members.[17]
    • October 12–15: The Germans carried out three mass public executions of 50 Poles, including 26 employees of the arms factory, and a pregnant woman.[18]
  • April 23, 1943: Polish resistance successfully assassinated the chief of the local German police.[19]
  • 1944
    • March 1: The Germans carried out an execution of 36 Poles.[20]
    • March-April: Mass arrests of local Poles, including members of the Grey Ranks resistance organization, by the Gestapo.[21]
    • 7 July: The Germans carried out a massacre of 30 Polish firefighters.[22]
    • July: Radom Ghetto dissolved.
    • July: Partial evacuation of the German administration to Częstochowa.[7]
    • Deportations of Poles the Dulag 121 camp in Pruszków to Radom, following the Polish Warsaw Uprising.[23] 3,500 Poles expelled from Warsaw stayed in the city, as of November 1, 1944.[23]
  • 1945:
    • January 14: Last transport of prisoners sent from to Radom to Auschwitz, it only reached Częstochowa.[4]
    • January 14: Last German execution in Firlej.[16]
    • January 16: liberation from German occupation
    • January: The Soviet NKVD took over the former Gestapo headquarters.[7]

Contemporary history

Pope John Paul II in Radom, 4 VI 1991
  • September 9, 1945: Polish partisans attacked the communist prison and liberated nearly 500 prisoners.[4]
  • 1948–1975: Theatre (Teatr Dramatyczny) and an engineering school are opened.
  • 1954: City limits were greatly expanded by including several settlements as new districts, including Długojów, Godów, Gołębiów, Halinów, Jeżowa Wola, Kaptur, Michałów, Prędocinek, Wośniki and Żakowice.[24]
  • 1957: Czarni Radom volleyball section founded.
  • 1958: Monument to Polish workers of the local arms factory who were murdered by the Germans during World War II was unveiled.[25]
  • 1975: the city becomes the capital of Radom Voivodeship
  • 1976:
    • June 25: Huge workers' strike against the communist regime; the city becomes one of the main centres of anti-communist opposition in Poland (see June 1976 protests)
    • July 17: Beginning of court trials of anti-communist protesters, in which 25 people were sentenced to prison.[26]
  • 1981: Monument was unveiled at the site of a German execution of 15 Poles on October 14, 1942.[25]
  • 1984: City limits were greatly expanded by including several settlements as new districts, including Długojów Górny, Huta Józefowska, Janiszpol, Józefów, Kierzków, Kończyce, Krychnowice, Krzewień, Malczew, Mleczna, Nowa Wola Gołębiowska, Nowiny Malczewskie, Stara Wola Gołębiowska, Wincentów, Wólka Klwatecka.[27]
  • 1996: Radomska Wyższa Szkoła Inżynierska promoted to the rank of a Kazimierz Pułaski Technical University of Radom (Politechnika Radomska)
  • 1999: Radom becomes the capital of Radom County of the Masovian Voivodeship
  • 2003: Rosa Radom basketball club founded.
  • 2007: Radom Chamber Orchestra founded.

See also

References

  1. [1]
    Official webpage of Radom in English at Radom.pl
  2. [2]
    Gembarzewski, Bronisław (1925). Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831 (in Polish). Warszawa: Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej. p. 26–27.
  3. [3]
    Radomskie miejsca pamięci II wojny światowej (in Polish). Radom. 2010. p. 24.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. [4]
    Radomskie miejsca pamięci II wojny światowej (in Polish). Radom. 2010. p. 13.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. [5]
    Kirszak, Jerzy (2008). "Wspołtworca niepodległości. Kazimierz Sosnkowski do 1918 roku". Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej (in Polish). No. 11–12 (94–95). IPN. p. 109. ISSN 1641-9561.
  6. [6]
    "Russia: Area and Population: Principal Towns: Poland". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1913. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368374.
  7. [7]
    Radomskie miejsca pamięci II wojny światowej, p. 8
  8. [8]
    Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 58.
  9. [9]
    Wardzyńska, p. 250
  10. [10]
    Radomskie miejsca pamięci II wojny światowej, p. 5
  11. [11]
    Wardzyńska, p. 253
  12. [12]
    Weronika Chochoł. "Polegli na Golgocie Wschodu..." Radio Plus Radom (in Polish). Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  13. [13]
    Wardzyńska, p. 252
  14. [14]
    Wardzyńska, p. 261
  15. [15]
    "Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Radom". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  16. [16]
    Radomskie miejsca pamięci II wojny światowej, p. 20
  17. [17]
    Radomskie miejsca pamięci II wojny światowej, p. 6
  18. [18]
    Radomskie miejsca pamięci II wojny światowej, p. 7, 17
  19. [19]
    Radomskie miejsca pamięci II wojny światowej, p. 14
  20. [20]
    Radomskie miejsca pamięci II wojny światowej, p. 17
  21. [21]
    Radomskie miejsca pamięci II wojny światowej, p. 25
  22. [22]
    Radomskie miejsca pamięci II wojny światowej, pp. 24–25
  23. [23]
    "Transporty z obozu Dulag 121". Muzeum Dulag 121 (in Polish). Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  24. [24]
    Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 22 sierpnia 1953 r. w sprawie zmiany granic miasta Radomia w województwie kieleckim., Dz. U. z 1953 r. Nr 41, poz. 190
  25. [25]
    Radomskie miejsca pamięci II wojny światowej, p. 7
  26. [26]
    Waligóra, Grzegorz (2007). "Ruch Obrony Praw Człowieka i Obywatela". Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej (in Polish). Vol. 3, no. 74. IPN. p. 101. ISSN 1641-9561.
  27. [27]
    Rozporządzenie Ministra Administracji i Gospodarki Przestrzennej z dnia 3 marca 1984 r. w sprawie zmiany granic niektórych miast w województwach: katowickim, kieleckim, legnickim, radomskim i wrocławskim., Dz. U. z 1984 r. Nr 14, poz. 64
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