The Toronto Reference Library is a public reference library in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located on the corner of Yonge Street and Asquith Avenue, within the Yorkville neighbourhood of downtown Toronto and is the largest and most visited branch of Toronto Public Library (TPL).

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Toronto Reference Library
Entrance of the Toronto Reference Library from Yonge Street and Asquith Avenue in 2023
43.671752°N 79.386697°W / 43.671752; -79.386697
Location	789 Yonge Street Toronto, Ontario M4W 2G8, Canada
Type	Public reference library
Established	8 September 1909; 114 years ago (1909-09-08)[note 1]
Architect(s)	Raymond Moriyama[note 2]
Service area	City of Toronto
Branch of	Toronto Public Library
Access and use
Circulation	375,830 (2018)[1]
Other information
Director	Gillian Byrne (manager)
Public transit access	Bloor–Yonge
Website	www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/torontoreferencelibrary/

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Established in 1909, the Toronto Reference Library initially operated from another building on College Street. In the late-1960s, management of the library was assumed by the Metropolitan Toronto Library Board. Believing the space in the original structure to be inadequate, Raymond Moriyama was tasked to find a new site, and was later commissioned by the board to design a new building for the site. The new building was opened to the public in 1977 as the Metropolitan Toronto Reference Library, and the library continued to operate under that name until 1998, when it reverted to its original name. The building underwent renovations and expansion from 2009 to 2014.

The library is the largest public reference library in Canada with an extensive collection of books, manuscripts, microfilm, and other items. Most items in its collection are designated for reference-use only; the public is unable to borrow these items for use outside the library. In addition to providing access to its collection, the library also hosts a number of public reading events, as well as provide technical access and services to the public.

The earliest reference library opened in Toronto was the York Mechanics' Institute, opened to the public in 1830.^[2] Acting as a reference library and public resource, Mechanics' Institutes throughout the city served as predecessors to Toronto Public Library.^[2] TPL was established in 1884 within a former Mechanics' Institute building.^[2] During the late-19th century, TPL absorbed a number of Mechanics' Institutes Toronto, reorganizing them into public libraries.^[2]

On 8 September 1909, TPL officially opened the Toronto Reference Library at a building on the northwest corner of College and St. George streets.^[3] The Beaux-Arts styled building was designed by Wickson & Gregg and Alfred H. Chapman.^[3] The building was the largest Carnegie-funded library built in Ontario. When the reference library first opened, its collection contained 97,788 books.^[2] In addition to the reference library, a TPL branch with a circulating collection was completed in the basement of the building in 1930, and was opened on 21 April.^[3]

The building was designed by Raymond Moriyama Architects during the mid-1970s.^[4] At 39,626.4 square metres (426,535 sq ft), the five-double-storey building is the largest TPL branch by area.^[10] The building is approximately 36 metres (119 ft) at its highest point.^[6] The first level is approximately 78 by 78 metres (255 ft × 255 ft).^[6]

The first level of the structure was designed to align in height with adjacent buildings, with the first level being 14-metre-high (45 ft).^[6] The other levels of the building are pushed further back into the property, away from the street; forming a pyramid shape to decrease the massing of the building.^[6] The building was primarily built out of steel reinforced concrete and is clad with orange-reddish brick to match the building material of the other buildings in the area;^[4] although glass portions on the sections of the building facing Yonge Street also exists.^[6] Street-friendly programming was incorporated into the design of the entrance to provide a "lively connection" from the sidewalk.^[4]

Energy conservation methods were employed in the design of the interior and its HVAC systems.^[6] The building climate is regulated through an internal heat pump system that recovers the heat from its lights, visitors, and the solar radiation that passes through the window.^[6] The open-space curved central atrium features a skylight and is also designed to allow air to circulate freely.^[6] Spread throughout the central atrium are plant and water features, inspired by the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.^[4][7]

Renovations were undertaken from 2009 to 2014, which saw the building expanded to its present size with a transparent glass cube built onto the structure; the glass cube holds an expanded lobby that includes a shop and café.^[4][7] The design of the cube is reminiscent of the original proposal submitted by Moriyama in 1973.^[4] Several social spaces were built into the library during the renovations, including an event centre and the special collections rotunda.^[4] The revitalization efforts were led by Moriyama & Teshima Architects, the successor architectural firm to Raymond Moriyama Architects.^[4]

The Toronto Reference Library is the largest public reference library in Canada.^[11] Because it operates as a reference library, most items in its collections are non-circulating; with the public unable to borrow most of these items for use outside the library.^[12] However, the Toronto Reference Library's collections do include a small number of circulating books, DVDs, and musical scores that may be loaned for outside use to TPL members.^[12] In 2018, it saw a circulation of over 375,000.^[1]

Items are largely split between the different levels of the building by discipline and subject.^[12] Over 80 kilometres (50 mi) of shelving is used to house the library's collection,^[13] with over 1.6 million items on its open shelves.^[14] As of March 2016, the library has approximately 15,000 vinyls in its collection.^[15]

In addition to its regular collection, the reference library also holds several special collections of the Toronto Public Library, many of which are held at the Marilyn & Charles Baillie Special Collections Centre on the building's fifth level, or the TD Gallery on the building's first level.^[12] Over 2 million items are stored in the Marilyn & Charles Bailie Special Collections Centre.^[13] The Baldwin Collection of Canadiana is a special collection of primary sources and materials on the history of pre-Confederation Canada.^[16] The collection was named after Robert Baldwin, leader of the Reform movement in Upper Canada during the mid-19th century.^[16]

Rare book collections held at the library include the Arthur Conan Doyle collection. The items are held in a Victorian-esque room modelled after the study at 221B Baker Street, the home of Doyle's fictional character Sherlock Holmes.^[17] The basis of the collection was formed in 1969, after TPL purchased approximately 500 books from the estate of Toronto-based Arthur Vincent Baillie, 200 of which were books about Holmes.^[17] The collection has since expanded to include thousands of original manuscripts, photographs of Doyle, as well as translations of his works.^[17] The collection had since been supplemented by over 1,500 items from Harold Mortlake based in London, over 200 editions from American collector Nathan L. Bengis, and a number of items from Toronto based S. Tepper Bigelow.^[18]

The reference library is the most visited branch of Toronto Public Library, with the Toronto Reference Library averaging more than 1.5 million visitors each year.^[1] The library provides members of TPL with access to its collections, event and study rooms, the workstations and computers in the library, and seating; of which there is approximately 1,250 seats available in the Toronto Reference Library.^[19]

It addition to access to its collections, the library also provides a number of technical services and facilities to the public. As of June 2018, the library operated three 3D printers available for use for TPL members.^[11] The library also has a printing press for self-publishing paperbacks, green screen room for photography and sound/video recording.^[11] The reference library also hosts a number of reading events at its 575-seat theatre, free to the public.^[11]

The reference library has also been the filming location for a number of films and music videos like Red, The Weeknd: Secrets, and The L.A. Complex.^[20][21][22]

• Film Reference Library, another reference library in Toronto
• List of Toronto Public Library branches