Truce_of_Vilna
Truce of Vilna
1656 treaty between Russia and Poland–Lithuania
Truce/Treaty of Vilna[1][2][3] or Truce/Treaty of Niemieża (Polish: Rozejm w Niemieży)[4][5] was a treaty signed at Niemieża (modern Nemėžis) near Vilnius (also known as Vilna) on 3 November 1656 between Tsardom of Russia and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, introducing a truce during the Russo-Polish War (1654–67) and an anti-Swedish alliance in the contemporaneous Second Northern War.[1][6] In return for ceasing hostilities and fighting Sweden alongside Poland–Lithuania, the treaty promised Alexis of Russia succession in Poland after John II Casimir Vasa's death.[7] The Cossacks under Bohdan Khmelnytsky were excluded from the negotiations, and subsequently supported the Transylvanian invasion on the Swedish side.[8]