Tungsten-180

Isotopes of tungsten

Isotopes of tungsten

Nuclides with atomic number of 74 but with different mass numbers

Naturally occurring tungsten (74W) consists of five isotopes. Four are considered stable (182W, 183W, 184W, and 186W) and one is slightly radioactive, 180W, with an extremely long half-life of 1.8 ± 0.2 exayears (1018 years). On average, two alpha decays of 180W occur per gram of natural tungsten per year, so for most practical purposes, 180W can be considered stable. Theoretically, all five can decay into isotopes of element 72 (hafnium) by alpha emission, but only 180W has been observed to do so. The other naturally occurring isotopes have not been observed to decay (they are observationally stable), and lower bounds for their half-lives have been established:

182W, t1/2 > 7.7×1021 years
183W, t1/2 > 4.1×1021 years
184W, t1/2 > 8.9×1021 years
186W, t1/2 > 8.2×1021 years
Quick Facts Main isotopes, Decay ...

Thirty-four artificial radioisotopes of tungsten have been characterized with mass numbers ranging from 156 to 194, the most stable of which are 181W with a half-life of 121.2 days, 185W with a half-life of 75.1 days, 188W with a half-life of 69.4 days and 178W with a half-life of 21.6 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives of less than 24 hours, and most of these have half-lives that are less than 8 minutes. Tungsten also has 11 meta states with mass numbers of 158, 179, with 3, 180, with 2, 183, 185, 186, with 2, and 190, the most stable being 179m1W (t1/2 6.4 minutes).

List of isotopes

More information Nuclide, Z ...
  1. [n 1]
    mW – Excited nuclear isomer.
  2. [n 2]
    ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
  3. [n 3]
    # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
  4. [n 4]
    Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer than age of universe.
  5. [n 5]
    # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
  6. [n 6]
    Modes of decay:
    EC:Electron capture
    IT:Isomeric transition
  7. [n 7]
    Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
  8. [n 8]
    Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
  9. [n 9]
    ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
  10. [N 10]
    Primordial radionuclide
  11. [N 11]
    Believed to undergo α decay to 178Hf with a half-life over 7.7×1021 y
  12. [N 12]
    Believed to undergo α decay to 179Hf with a half-life over 4.1×1021 y
  13. [N 13]
    Believed to undergo α decay to 180Hf with a half-life over 8.9×1021 y
  14. [N 14]
    Believed to undergo α decay to 182Hf or β−β− decay to 186Os with a half-life over 8.2×1021 y

References

  1. [1]
    "Standard Atomic Weights: Tungsten". CIAAW. 1991.
  2. [2]
    Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  3. [3]
    Briscoe, A. D.; Page, R. D.; Uusitalo, J.; et al. (2023). "Decay spectroscopy at the two-proton drip line: Radioactivity of the new nuclides 160Os and 156W". Physics Letters B. 47 (138310). doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2023.138310.
  4. [4]
    Bianco, L.; Page, R. D.; Darby, I. G.; et al. (7 June 2010). "Discovery of 157W and 161Os" (PDF). Physics Letters B. 690 (1): 15–18. Bibcode:2010PhLB..690...15B. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2010.04.056. ISSN 0370-2693. S2CID 117121162. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
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