Type_094_submarine
Type 094 submarine
Chinese ballistic missile submarine class
The Type 094 (simplified Chinese: 09-IV型核潜艇; traditional Chinese: 09-IV型核潛艇; Chinese designation: 09-IV; NATO reporting name: Jin class) is a class of nuclear ballistic missile submarines developed by China for the People's Liberation Army Navy Submarine Force. The Type 094 succeeds the Type 092 submarine and precedes the Type 096 submarine, which is under development.
Profile of the Type 094 | |
Type 094 submarine | |
| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Name | Type 094 (Jin class) |
| Builders | Bohai Shipyard, Huludao, China[1] |
| Operators |  People's Liberation Army Navy |
| Preceded by | Type 092 (Xia class) |
| Succeeded by | Type 096 |
| Cost | $750 million per unit[2] |
| In commission | 2007–present[1] |
| Planned | 8 (projected)[3] |
| Completed | 6[4] |
| Active | 6[5][6] |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Ballistic missile submarine |
| Displacement | 11,000 tons submerged.[7] |
| Length | 137 m (449 ft 6 in)<[1] |
| Beam | 11.8 m (38 ft 9 in)[1] |
| Propulsion | Nuclear, 1 shaft[1] |
| Range | Unlimited |
| Complement | 140[1] |
| Armament | Missiles: 12 JL-2 or JL-3 SLBM |
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The Type 094's chief designer was Zhang Jinlin.[8] It is likely based on the Type 093 nuclear-powered attack submarine.[1]
A Type 094 was photographed by commercial satellites in late-2006 at the Xiaopingdao Submarine Base.[9] The first commissioned in 2007[1] and six were in commission in 2020.[5] They began nuclear deterrence patrols in December 2015.[10]
The Type 094 is China's "first credible sea-based nuclear deterrent" according to the United States Department of Defense.[11][12] They were initially armed with 12 JL-2 SLBMs;[1] each missile had one warhead[13] and a 7,200 km (4,500 mi) range capable of reaching parts of Alaska launched from near China. By late 2022, they were rearmed with JL-3 SLBMs able to reach the continental United States from the South China Sea; ranges of over 10,000 km (6,200 mi) have been reported.[14]
The Type 094A is a variant with a modified and improved sail. The sail appears to incorporate features from one installed on a modified Type 093.[15]
Noise
The Type 094 is noisier than contemporary submarines. In 2004,[16] a Chinese researcher reported that the Type 094 had an acoustic signature of 120 decibels, comparable to the Los Angeles-class submarine.[17] In 2009, the Office of Naval Intelligence of the United States Navy listed the Type 094 as noisier than Soviet/Russian SSBNs from the late-1970s.[18][19] In 2015, Australian researchers Brendan Thomas-Noone and Rorey Medcalf noted that noisiness and the range of the JL-2 limited the submarine's effectiveness in attacks on the contiguous United States, but not on India.[19]
| Name | Hull no. | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type 094 | ||||||
| Changzheng 11 | 411 [1] | Bohai Shipyard, Huludao[1] | 2001 [1] | 28 July 2004 [1] | March 2007 [1] | Active |
| Changzheng 12[20] | 412 [1] | 2003 [1] | 2006 [1] | 2010 [1] | Active | |
| Changzheng 13 [20] | 413 [1] | 2004 [1] | December 2009 [1] | 2012 [1] | Active | |
| Changzheng 14 [21] | 414 [22] | 2006 [23] | 2011 [23] | 2015 [23] | Active | |
| Type 094A | ||||||
| Changzheng 20 | 420 | Bohai Shipyard, Huludao[23] | 2017 [23] | April 2020 [23] | Active | |
| Changzheng 21 | 421 | 23 April 2021[6] | Active | |||
Notes
- Saunders, Stephen (2015). IHS Jane's Fighting Ships 2015-2016. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-7106-3143-5.
- Till, G. (Ed.), Chan, J. (Ed.). (2014). Naval Modernisation in South-East Asia. London: Routledge. Page 23 Archived 4 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
- Fisher, Richard D Jr. (19 April 2015). "US upgrades assessment of China's Type 094 SSBN fleet". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 11 August 2015. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
- United States Department of Defense (May 2019). Annual Report To Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2019 (PDF) (Report). p. 36. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
- O'Rourke, Ronald (21 May 2020). China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities—Background and Issues for Congress (Report). Congressional Research Service. p. 8. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
- LaGrone, Sam; Majumdar, Dave (9 June 2014). "Chinese Weapons That Worry the Pentagon". usni.org. Archived from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
- 周劼 (Zhou, Jie) (9 January 2023). "张金麟院士在汉逝世，花甲之年挑起核潜艇研制工作重担" [Zhang Jinlin passed away in Wuhan, ......]. news.cjn.cn (in Chinese). Wuhan, China: Yangtze Daily. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- Kristensen, Hans M. (4 October 2007). "Two More Chinese SSBNs Spotted". fas.org. Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 22 April 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
- Funaiole, Matthew P.; Bermudez Jr., Joseph S.; Hart, Brian (4 August 2021). "A Glimpse of Chinese Ballistic Missile Submarines". Center for Strategic International Studies.
- United States National Air and Space Intelligence Center (June 2017). Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threat (PDF) (Report). NASIC-1031-0985-17. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
- Capaccio, Anthony (18 November 2022). "China Has Put Longer-Range ICBMs on Its Nuclear Subs, US Says". Bloomberg. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
- Fisher, Richard D Jr. (15 July 2016). "Images show possible new variant of China's Type 094 SSBN". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
- Erickson & Goldstein 2007, p. 19.
- Erickson & Goldstein 2007, p. 14.
- Office of Naval Intelligence (August 2009). The People's Liberation Army Navy, A Modern Navy with Chinese Characteristics (PDF) (Report). p. 22 (pp25 of PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 September 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
- Thomas-Noone, Brendan; Medcalf, Rory (September 2015). Nuclear-armed submarines in Indo-Pacific Asia: Stabiliser or menace? (PDF) (Report). Lowy Institute for International Policy. p. 6 (pp8 of PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 September 2015. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
- "《新闻联播》曝光中国海上大阅兵独家画面(图)". sina.com.cn. 观察者网. 23 April 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
- Tate, Andrew (27 April 2021). "China commissions three major naval vessels on PLAN's 72nd anniversary". Janes. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
- 赵文涵, ed. (24 April 2021). "习近平出席海军三型主战舰艇集中交接入列活动". Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
- Jane's Fighting Ships, 2023-24 Edition, ISBN 978-0-7106-3428 3, page 132.
Sources
- Erickson, Andrew S.; Goldstein, Lyle J. (2007). "China's Future Nuclear Submarine Force". Naval War College Review. 60 (1).