The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky (in case citations, E.D. Ky.) is the Federal district court whose jurisdiction comprises approximately the Eastern half of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit in Cincinnati, Ohio maintains appellate jurisdiction for the district (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The Eastern District of Kentucky encompasses the following counties: Anderson, Bath, Bell, Boone, Bourbon, Boyd, Boyle, Bracken, Breathitt, Campbell, Carroll, Carter, Clark, Clay, Elliott, Estill, Fayette, Fleming, Floyd, Franklin, Gallatin, Garrard, Grant, Greenup, Harlan, Harrison, Henry, Jackson, Jessamine, Johnson, Kenton, Knott, Knox, Laurel, Lawrence, Lee, Leslie, Letcher, Lewis, Lincoln, McCreary, Madison, Magoffin, Martin, Mason, Menifee, Mercer, Montgomery, Morgan, Nicholas, Owen, Owsley, Pendleton, Perry, Pike, Powell, Pulaski, Robertson, Rockcastle, Rowan, Scott, Shelby, Trimble, Wayne, Whitley, Wolfe, and Woodford.

The United States District Court for the District of Kentucky was one of the original 13 courts established by the Judiciary Act of 1789, 1 Stat. 73, on September 24, 1789.^[1][2] At the time, Kentucky was not yet a state, but was within the territory of the state of Virginia. The District was unchanged when Kentucky became a state on June 1, 1792. On February 13, 1801, the Judiciary Act of 1801, 2 Stat. 89, abolished the U.S. district court in Kentucky,^[2] but the repeal of this Act restored the District on March 8, 1802, 2 Stat. 132.^[2] The District was subdivided into Eastern and Western Districts on February 12, 1901, by 31 Stat. 781.^[2]

The court is based in Lexington and also holds sessions in Federal Courthouses in Ashland, Covington, Frankfort, London and Pikeville. The court also meets in Richmond and Jackson. From 1911 to 1985, the court held sessions in downtown Catlettsburg at the Federal Courthouse and Post Office building which still stands on the corner of 25th and Broadway. By 1980, the Eastern District had long outgrown the historic Catlettsburg facility and it was decided that a new facility should be constructed. City officials in neighboring Ashland requested that the new facility be located there instead of in Catlettsburg. They argued that Ashland, by being a larger city, was a superior choice to the much smaller Catlettsburg with more services and amenities such as lodging for overnight guests and better restaurant options. As a result, the Carl D. Perkins Federal Building and United States Courthouse was built in Ashland on U.S. Routes 23 and 60 (Greenup Avenue).

The United States Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of Kentucky represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. The United States attorney is Carlton S. Shier, IV, since March 21, 2022.^[3]

• James H. Tinsley 1901-09^[4]
• James N. Sharp 1909–11

• Edwin P. Morrow 1911–14
• Thomas D. Slattery 1914–21
• Sawyer A. Smith 1921–33
• Mac Swinford 1933–37
• John T. Metcalf 1937–44
• Claude P. Stephens 1944–53
• Edwin R. Denney 1953–55
• Henry J. Cook 1955–60
• Jean L. Auxier 1960–61
• Bernard T. Moynahan Jr. 1961–63
• George I. Cline 1963–70
• Eugene E. Siler Jr. 1970–75
• Eldon L. Webb 1975–77
• Patrick J. Molloy 1977–81
• Joseph L. Famularo 1981
• Louis DeFalaise 1981–91
• Karen K. Caldwell 1991–93
• Joseph L. Famularo 1993-2001^[5]
• Gregory F. Van Tatenhove 2001-2005
• Amul Thapar 2006–2008
• James A. Zerhusen 2008–2010
• E.J Walbourn 2010^[6]
• Kerry B. Harvey 2010-2017
• Robert M. Duncan Jr. 2017-2021
• Carlton S. Shier, IV 2021–present

As of September 12, 2022^[update]:

Chief judges have administrative responsibilities with respect to their district court. Unlike the Supreme Court, where one justice is specifically nominated to be chief, the office of chief judge rotates among the district court judges. To be chief, a judge must have been in active service on the court for at least one year, be under the age of 65, and have not previously served as chief judge.

A vacancy is filled by the judge highest in seniority among the group of qualified judges. The chief judge serves for a term of seven years, or until age 70, whichever occurs first. The age restrictions are waived if no members of the court would otherwise be qualified for the position.

When the office was created in 1948, the chief judge was the longest-serving judge who had not elected to retire, on what has since 1958 been known as senior status, or declined to serve as chief judge. After August 6, 1959, judges could not become or remain chief after turning 70 years old. The current rules have been in operation since October 1, 1982.

• Courts of Kentucky
• List of current United States district judges
• List of United States federal courthouses in Kentucky