United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Pennsylvania,_2018

2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania

2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania

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The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania were held on November 6, 2018, to elect the 18 U.S. representatives from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, one from each of the state's 18 congressional districts.

Quick Facts All 18 Pennsylvania seats to the United States House of Representatives, Majority party ...

The elections coincided with the 2018 gubernatorial election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections.

In January 2018, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court struck down the state's congressional map, ruling it had been unfairly gerrymandered to favor Republicans. New maps were subsequently adopted in February 2018.[1][2]

The 2018 general election saw the Democrats gain four seats and the Republicans gain one seat, for a Democratic net gain of three seats, changing the state's representation from 12 to 6 Republican to a 9–9 tie. In addition, Pennsylvanians in several districts elected female candidates to the U.S. House, thus ending four years of all-male Congressional representation in the state.[3]

Redistricting

Court-mandated districts for 2018 elections
Congressional district map (2013–2018)

In January 2018, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court struck down the state's congressional map, ruling it had been unfairly gerrymandered to favor Republicans.[4][5] New maps were subsequently adopted in February 2018, for use in the 2018 elections and took effect with representation in 2019.[2]

Overview

Statewide

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District

Results of the 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania:[6]

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District 1

Quick Facts Nominee, Party ...

The 1st district previously consisted of central and South Philadelphia, the City of Chester, the Philadelphia International Airport and other small sections of Delaware County.[7] Under the new congressional map that was in place in 2019 (represented per 2018's elections), the first district overlaps with much of the former 8th district, which is represented by Republican Representative Brian Fitzpatrick. Fitzpatrick took office in 2017, succeeding his brother, former Representative Mike Fitzpatrick. The new 1st district consists of Bucks County and a small portion of Montgomery County.[7]

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee
Eliminated in primary
Withdrawn
  • Valerie Mihalek, former Yardley Borough council member and deputy district director for former U.S. Rep. Mike Fitzpatrick[9]

Primary results

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Democratic primary

The old 8th district was included on the initial list of Republican held seats being targeted by the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee.[10]

Candidates

Nominee
  • Scott Wallace, charitable foundation director and grandson of former Vice President Henry Wallace[11]
Eliminated in primary
  • Steven Bacher, environmentalist[12]
  • Rachel Reddick, former Navy prosecutor[13]
Declined
  • Diane Ellis-Marseglia, Bucks County commissioner[14]

Campaign

The race featured a number of negative ads between Reddick and Wallace. With Reddick's campaign releasing an ad calling Wallace a “Maryland multi-millionaire” and stating that he had case an absentee ballot cast from his second home in a South African “gated luxury estate”. The Wallace campaign responded with an ad higlishting Reddick flubbing a question about the so-called “global gag rule” during a campaign stop in Ottsville,[15] and for her having been registered as a Republican for most of her adult life.[16]

Many DC Democrats expressed excitement about Wallace's potential to spend big to defeat Fitzpatrick, especially in the expensive Philadelphia market. He loaned his campaign $2.5 million while Reddick only raised $363,000 and was shunned by most party strategists.[17]

Endorsements

Scott Wallace
Organizations
Local officials
  • Diane Ellis-Marseglia, Bucks County commissioner

Primary results

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General election

Endorsements

Steve Scheetz (L)
Organizations
  • Firearm Owners Against Crime[43]

Debate

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Polling

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Predictions

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Results

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Analysis

Fitzpatrick held out to win re-election, despite many similar suburban districts held by Republicans falling to Democrats in the 2018 cycle. Fitzpatrick did this by establishing a reputation for himself as an independent centrist who attained endorsements from several usually-left-leaning and nonpartisan groups without enraging the more fervently pro-Trump wing of the Republican party. Analysts considered the Democratic nominee Scott Wallace an unusually weak candidate: he was a wealthy heir who moved to the district, opening up accusations of carpetbagging, and made several gaffes and missteps. Editor Dave Wasserman of the Cook Political Report wrote that Wallace was perhaps the weakest candidate of the 2018 cycle.[53]

District 2

Quick Facts Nominee, Party ...

The 2nd district consists of the northern half of Philadelphia. It mostly overlaps with the old 1st District. That district's incumbent, Democrat Bob Brady, had served since 1998, but did not run for reelection. The incumbent of the old 2nd district is Dwight Evans, but Evans opted to follow most of his constituents into the 3rd District.[7]

The new map drew the home of fellow Democrat Brendan Boyle, who has represented the neighboring 13th District since 2015, into the 2nd, leading to speculation that he would run for reelection there. Soon after the new map was released, Boyle confirmed that he would indeed run in the 2nd.[54]

Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominee
Eliminated in primary
Declined

Endorsements

Primary results

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Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee
  • David Torres, community activist

Primary results

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General election

Endorsements

Results

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District 3

Quick Facts Nominee, Party ...

The 3rd district was previously located in Northwestern Pennsylvania, but now covers downtown and northern Philadelphia, and overlaps with much of the previous 2nd district.[7] The incumbent from the 2nd district is Democrat Dwight Evans, who has held office since 2016. Evans defeated incumbent Democratic Representative Chaka Fattah in the 2016 Democratic primary, and then went on to be elected with 90% in both the general election and a simultaneous special election for the remainder of the term after Fattah resigned.

Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominee
Eliminated in primary
  • Kevin Johnson

Endorsements

Primary results

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Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee
  • Bryan Leib

Primary results

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General election

Endorsements

Results

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District 4

Quick Facts Nominee, Party ...

The old 4th district was in South Central Pennsylvania, but the new 4th district is centered in Montgomery County. The district overlaps with the former 13th district. The incumbent from this district, Democrat Brendan Boyle, could have sought re-election in either this district or the new 2nd district, which absorbed his home and most of old 13th's share of Philadelphia.[7] Boyle opted to run in the 2nd, making the 4th an open seat.

Democratic primary

State Senator Daylin Leach had announced that he would run for Congress in the old 7th District, but was expected to switch races after his home was drawn into the new 4th. However, on February 24, 2018, Leach succumbed to pressures from fellow Democrats, including Governor Tom Wolf, to abandon his congressional campaign in the face of accusations of sexual harassment. However, he remained in his Pennsylvania Senate seat.[58]

Candidates

Nominee
Eliminated in primary
  • Shira Goodman, public policy advocate[59]
  • Joe Hoeffel, former U.S. Representative, nominee for Senate in 2004 and candidate for governor in 2010[60]
Withdrawn
Declined

Endorsements

Madeleine Dean
State legislators
Labor unions

Primary results

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Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee
  • Dan David, investor

Primary results

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General election

Endorsements

Results

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District 5

Quick Facts Nominee, Party ...

The old 5th district was in North Central Pennsylvania, but the new 5th district consists of Delaware County, portions of southern Philadelphia, and a sliver of Montgomery County. The district overlaps with much of the old 7th district, whose incumbent Republican Representative Pat Meehan chose not to seek re-election, due to allegations regarding a sexual harassment complaint that was settled with the use of taxpayer funds,[7][67] and subsequently resigned from office in April.

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee
Disqualified
Declined

Primary results

More information Party, Candidate ...

Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominee
Eliminated in primary
Withdrawn
  • George Badey III, attorney and nominee for this seat in 2012[69]
  • Shelly Chauncey, attorney and former CIA agent[70] (endorsed Lunkenheimer)[69]
  • Dan Muroff, attorney[68]
  • David Wertime, journalist[71]

Endorsements

Richard Lazer
Dan Muroff
Labor unions
Mary Gay Scanlon
Governors

Polling

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Forum

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Primary results

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General election

Endorsements

Predictions

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Results

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District 6

Quick Facts Nominee, Party ...

The 6th district consists of Chester County and Reading.[7] The incumbent is Republican Ryan Costello, who has represented the district since 2015. He was re-elected to a second term with 57% of the vote in 2016. On March 24, 2018, Costello announced that he would no longer seek re-election due to the growing Democratic voter demographic in the 6th district.[75] Costello formally withdrew his name on March 27.

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee
  • Greg McCauley
Withdrawn

Primary results

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Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominee

Primary results

More information Party, Candidate ...

General election

Endorsements

Chrissy Houlahan (D)
Executive branch officials
U.S. Senators
U.S. Representatives
State officials
Labor unions
Organizations
Local officials

Predictions

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Results

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District 7

Quick Facts Nominee, Party ...

The 7th district was formerly centered on Delaware County, but the new district consisted of much of the Lehigh Valley. The new 7th district overlapped with much of the former 15th district, which was represented by retired Republican Representative Charlie Dent who resigned early.[7]

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee
Eliminated in primary
Withdrawn

Primary results

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Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominee
Eliminated in primary

Withdrawn

Endorsements

John Morganelli
State legislators

Primary results

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General election

Endorsements

Marty Nothstein (R)
Organizations
Local officials

Polling

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Predictions

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Results

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District 8

Quick Facts Nominee, Party ...

The 8th district was previously centered on Bucks County, but now consists of portions of Northeastern Pennsylvania, including the city of Scranton. The new district overlaps with much of the former 17th district, which is represented by Democratic Representative Matt Cartwright.[7] Cartwright has held office since 2013.

Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominee

Primary results

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Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee
  • John Chrin, businessman[106]
Eliminated in primary
  • Robert Kuniegel
  • Joe Peters, former federal prosecutor[107]

Primary results

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General election

Endorsements

John Chrin (R)

Executive branch officials

Organizations
State representatives

Polling

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Predictions

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Results

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District 9

Quick Facts Nominee, Party ...

The old 9th district was in South Central Pennsylvania, but the new 9th district is in east central Pennsylvania. The new district overlaps with the old 11th district, which was represented by retiring Republican Representative Lou Barletta.[7]

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee
Eliminated in primary

Primary results

More information Party, Candidate ...

Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominee
Eliminated in primary
  • Laura Quick, delivery driver
  • Gary Wegman, dentist

Endorsements

Laura Quick
Labor unions

Primary results

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General election

Endorsements

Polling

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Results

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District 10

Quick Facts Nominee, Party ...

The 10th district was previously in Northeastern Pennsylvania, but it now overlaps with much of the former 4th district in South Central Pennsylvania. Under the map released in 2018, the 10th district includes Harrisburg and a portion of York County.[7] The incumbent from the 4th district is Republican Scott Perry, who has represented his district since 2013. He was re-elected to a third term with 66% of the vote in 2016. Several Democrats sought to challenge Perry in 2018, with George Scott, a 20-year Army veteran and Lutheran pastor, receiving the party's nomination.[113][114][115]

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee

Primary results

More information Party, Candidate ...

Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominee
  • George Scott, Lutheran pastor and former Army Lt. Colonel
Eliminated in primary
Withdrawn
  • Christina Hartman, former nonprofit executive and nominee for Pennsylvania's 16th congressional district in 2016[118]

Primary results

More information Party, Candidate ...

General election

Endorsements

Scott Perry (R)
Executive branch officials
Organizations

Debates

More information No., Date ...

Polling

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Predictions

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Results

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District 11

Quick Facts Nominee, Party ...

The old 11th district was in Northeastern Pennsylvania, but the district now overlaps with much of the former 16th district in South Central Pennsylvania. The new district consists of Lancaster County and portions of York County. The incumbent from the former 16th district is Republican Lloyd Smucker, who has held office since 2017.[7]

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee

Primary results

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Democratic primary

Christina Hartman, a former nonprofit executive who lost against Smucker in 16th had filed for a rematch,[120] however, following the court-ordered redrawing, she considered switching to run in the more competitive 10th before withdrawing from the race altogether.[118]

Candidates

Nominee
  • Jess King, nonprofit director
Withdrawn
  • John George, former Warwick superintendent[121][122]
  • Christina Hartman, former nonprofit executive and nominee for this seat in 2016
  • Charles Klein, pharmacist and candidate for state representative in 2016[123]

Endorsements

Christina Hartman (withdrawn)
State legislators
Statewide officials
Organizations
Jess King
State legislators
Labor unions
Organizations
Local officials

Primary results

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General election

Meteorologist Drew Anderson planned to run without party affiliation and expected to be listed that way on the November ballot.[127] However, he failed to file papers in time, and was not in the race.[128]

Debate

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Endorsements

Polling

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Predictions

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Results

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District 12

Quick Facts Nominee, Party ...

The old 12th district was in Southwestern Pennsylvania, but the new district is in North Central Pennsylvania. It overlaps with the former 10th district, which was represented by Republican Tom Marino.[7] Marino had held office since 2011.

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee
Eliminated in primary
  • Douglas McLinko

Primary results

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Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominee
  • Marc Friedenburg, teacher
Eliminated in primary
  • Judith Herschel, certified drug & alcohol counselor

Primary results

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General election

Endorsements

Results

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District 13

Quick Facts Nominee, Party ...

The old 13th district was in Southeastern Pennsylvania, but the new district is in Western Pennsylvania. The new district overlaps with much of the old 9th district, which was represented by retiring Republican Representative Bill Shuster.[7]

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee
Eliminated in primary
Declined

Primary results

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Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominee
  • Brent Ottaway

Primary results

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General election

Endorsements

Polling

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Results

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District 14

Quick Facts Nominee, Party ...

The old 14th district consisted of the city of Pittsburgh and parts of surrounding suburbs, but the new district consists of suburbs to the south and west of Pittsburgh. The district overlaps with much of the former 18th district.[7] The winner of the 2018 special election, Democrat Conor Lamb, ran in the more competitive 17th district.[135]

Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominee
Eliminated in primary
  • Tom Prigg
  • Adam Sedlock, psychologist
  • Bob Solomon, physician and candidate for this seat in 2018
Declined
  • Conor Lamb, incumbent U.S. Representative (running in the 17th)

Primary results

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Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee
Eliminated in primary

Primary results

More information Party, Candidate ...

General election

Endorsements

Bibiana Boerio (D)
Guy Reschenthaler (R)

Predictions

More information Source, Ranking ...

Results

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District 15

Quick Facts Nominee, Party ...

The old 15th district was in Eastern Pennsylvania, but the new district is in Western Pennsylvania. The new district overlaps with much of the former 5th district, which is represented by Republican G.T. Thompson.[7] Thompson has held office since 2009.

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee
Declined

Primary results

More information Party, Candidate ...

Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominee
  • Susan Boser, teacher
Eliminated in primary
  • Wade Jodun

Primary results

More information Party, Candidate ...

General election

Endorsements

Results

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District 16

Quick Facts Nominee, Party ...

The former 16th district was in Southeastern Pennsylvania, but the redrawn 16th district is in Northwestern Pennsylvania, overlapping with the former 3rd district.[7] The incumbent from the 3rd district was Republican Mike Kelly, who has represented the district since 2011. He was re-elected to a fourth term unopposed in 2016. Kelly had considered running for the U.S. Senate, but announced he would run for re-election instead.[137]

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee

Primary results

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Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominee
Eliminated in primary
  • Robert Multari, physician[138]
  • Chris Rieger, attorney[138]

Endorsements

Debate

More information No., Date ...

Primary results

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General election

Endorsements

Debate

More information No., Date ...

Polling

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Predictions

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Results

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District 17

Quick Facts Nominee, Party ...

The former 17th district was in Northeastern Pennsylvania, but the new 17th district consists of suburbs west of Pittsburgh. The district overlaps with parts of the former 12th district, which is represented by Republican Keith Rothfus.[7] Rothfus has held office since 2013, and ran for reelection in the new 17th.[143]

The new map drew the home of Democrat Conor Lamb, who won a special election for the old 18th District, into the new 17th. The 17th is far less Republican than its predecessor, and voted for Democrats downballot, leading to speculation that Lamb would run for a full term in the 17th regardless of the special election result.[7] On March 14, Democratic officials in Beaver County, which is entirely within the 17th, received a written request from Lamb for their endorsement in the 2018 general election.[144] On March 20, Lamb formally filed to run for a full term in the 17th.[145]

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee

Primary results

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Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominee

Primary results

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General election

Endorsements

Keith Rothfus (R)
Executive branch officials
Organizations

Debate

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Polling

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Predictions

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Results

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District 18

Quick Facts Nominee, Party ...

The 18th district formerly consisted of the southern suburbs of Pittsburgh, but the new district is now centered on Pittsburgh itself. The district overlaps with the former 14th district, which is represented by Democrat Michael F. Doyle.[7] Doyle has held office since 1995. He ran unopposed in the general election.

Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominee
Eliminated in primary
  • Janis C. Brooks, pastor, CEO/founder of Citizens to Abolish Domestic Apartheid and candidate for this seat in 2012, 2014 & 2016

Primary results

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General election

Endorsements

Results

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See also


References

  1. Grofman, Bernard; Cervas, Jonathan R. (2018). "Can State Courts Cure Partisan Gerrymandering: Lessons from League of Women Voters v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (2018)". Election Law Journal. 17 (4): 264–285. doi:10.1089/elj.2018.0496.
  2. Mears, Bill (February 19, 2018). "Pennsylvania Supreme Court issues new congressional map, which could benefit Dems". Fox News. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
  3. Levy, Marc; Scolforo, Mark (November 7, 2018). "Democrats win US House seats, races for governor, US Senate". Chicago Tribune. Associated Press. Retrieved January 11, 2022. Mary Gay Scanlon, Madeleine Dean, Susan Wild and Chrissy Houlahan stand to become the first women from Pennsylvania to serve full terms in Congress since 2014
  4. League of Women Voters of Pennsylvania, et. al. v Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, et. al; No. 159 MM 2017 (January 22, 2018). "Order, Per Curiam" (PDF). Pennsylvania State Supreme Court. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 24, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2020."Second, should the Pennsylvania General Assembly choose to submit a congressional districting plan that satisfies the requirements of the Pennsylvania Constitution, it shall submit such plan for consideration by the Governor on or before February 9, 2018. If the Governor accepts the General Assembly's congressional districting plan, it shall be submitted to this Court on or before February 15, 2018."
  5. Cohn, Nate; Bloch, Matthew; Quealy, Kevin (February 19, 2018). "The New Pennsylvania House Districts Are In. We Review the Mapmakers' Choices". The New York Times. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
  6. Engelkemier, Paul (September 11, 2017). "Pro-Trump Candidate Explores Primary Challenge to Fitzpatrick". PoliticsPA. Retrieved September 18, 2017.
  7. James Boyle (October 18, 2017). "Yardley woman announces congressional primary campaign". phillyburbs.com. Archived from the original on February 8, 2023. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  8. Cheney, Kyle (January 30, 2017). "Amid Democratic doldrums, DCCC identifies 2018 targets". Politico. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
  9. Tom Sofield (January 25, 2018). "Scott Wallace Announces Run, Says He's A 'Democrat For The People'". levittownnow.com. Archived from the original on October 12, 2021. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  10. Sahner, Charlie. "Democrat Steve Bacher to Enter 8th District Congressional Primary Race". New Hope Free Press. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  11. Tom Sofield (October 19, 2017). "Democrat Announces Run For Congress". levittownnow.com. Archived from the original on February 22, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  12. Bowman, Bridget (August 31, 2017). "Why Democrats and Republicans See Opportunity in One House Race". Roll Call. Retrieved March 17, 2024. Some Democrats named Diane Ellis-Marseglia, the Democratic commissioner in Bucks County, as a potential candidate, but she said in a brief interview that she wants to remain in her current position.
  13. RYAN BRIGGS (April 13, 2018). "Candidates in PA-1 Dem primary train ads, rhetoric on each other". cityandstatepa.com/. Archived from the original on May 4, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  14. Tom Sofield (December 5, 2017). "EXCLUSIVE: Democratic Congressional Candidate Made Switch From Republican Party Before Campaign". levittownnow.com. Archived from the original on February 23, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  15. David Wasserman (July 6, 2018). "PA-01: Fitzpatrick Moves from Toss Up to Lean Republican". cookpolitical.com. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  16. Bridget Bowman (May 3, 2018). "Crowded Fields Complicate Progressive Caucus Endorsements". rollcall.com. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  17. Seth Moulton (May 2, 2018). "Excited to announce my support for @RachelReddick !". twitter.com/. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  18. Holly Otterbein (November 9, 2018). "How Congressman Fitzpatrick held his Bucks-based seat". The Morning Call. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  19. "EMILY's List Endorses Rachel Reddick for Congress in Pennsylvania's 1st District". emilyslist.org. March 20, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  20. James O’Malley (April 14, 2018). "Democrats look to oust Rep. Brian Fitzpatrick in blue wave". Archived from the original on August 18, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  21. "VOTEVETS ENDORSES RACHEL REDDICK FOR CONGRESS". VoteVets.org. March 15, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  22. James Boyle. "Bucks Democrats endorse Wallace for Congress". theintell.com. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  23. "Friends of the Earth Action Endorses Scott Wallace for U.S. House". foeaction.org/. May 11, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  24. Drew Courtney (May 11, 2018). "PFAW Endorses Scott Wallace for Congress". Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  25. "Endorsements". brianfitzpatrick.com/. Archived from the original on November 8, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  26. "Candidate Endorsements". paaflcio.org. Archived from the original on November 5, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
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  31. "Candidates". electgoppatriots.org/. National Republican Congressional Committee. Archived from the original on November 7, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
  32. "Individuals". scottwallacepa.com. Archived from the original on November 8, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  33. "SEIU PA State Council Announces Endorsed Candidates for the 2018 General Election". seiu668.org. September 10, 2018. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
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  38. "OUR CANDIDATES". moveon.org. Archived from the original on October 19, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
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  40. "Pennsylvania Working Families Party endorses candidates for governor, Congress and state legislature". workingfamilies.org. October 4, 2018. Archived from the original on November 12, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
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  48. "Tuesday, November 6, 2018 Unofficial Returns". Pennsylvania Department of State. Retrieved November 29, 2018.
  49. Otterbein, Holly (November 7, 2018). "How Brian Fitzpatrick won in an 'atrocious political environment' for suburban Republicans". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
  50. Phillip Jackson (January 12, 2018). "Michele Lawrence gears up for First Congressional seat bid". phillytrib.com. Archived from the original on January 16, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  51. "Candidate Endorsements – 2018 Primary Election". paaflcio.org. Archived from the original on December 18, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  52. Morgan, Gabe; Catanese, Steve (April 10, 2018). "SEIU PA State Council Announces Endorsed Candidates for 2018 Primary Election". seiupa.org. SEIU PA State Council. Archived from the original on July 25, 2018.
  53. DiFilippo, Dana (February 22, 2018). "Gun-control activist launches run for Congress from new Montco district". WHYY-TV. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  54. Ben-Yaacov, Shai (March 11, 2018). "Former 3-term congressman Joe Hoeffel enters the race for redrawn Montco district". WHYY-TV. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
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