United_States_Senate_elections,_1936

1936 United States Senate elections

1936 United States Senate elections

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The 1936 United States Senate elections coincided with the reelection of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The 32 seats of Class 2 were contested in regular elections, and special elections were held to fill vacancies. The Great Depression continued and voters backed progressive candidates favoring Roosevelt's New Deal in races across the country. The Democrats gained 5 net seats during the election, and in combination with Democratic and Farmer–Labor interim appointments and the defection of George W. Norris from the Republican Party to become independent, the Republicans were reduced to 16 seats. Democrats gained a further two seats due to mid-term vacancies. The Democrats' 77 seats and their 62-seat majority remain their largest in history.

Quick Facts 32 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate 49 seats needed for a majority, Majority party ...

This was the last of four consecutive election cycles where Republicans suffered losses due to the ongoing effects of the Great Depression. This was also the last Senate election cycle until 2012 in which a Democratic candidate who won two terms also made net gains in the Senate on both occasions (although Roosevelt won a third term and fourth term, he lost Senate seats on both occasions). Additionally, this is the last time any party held three-fourths of all Senate seats.

Gains, losses, and holds

Retirements

One Republican, one Farmer-Labor, and five Democrats retired instead of seeking re-election.

Defeats

Six Republicans and one Democrat sought re-election but lost in the primary or general election.

Death

One Democrat died on July 16, 1936, and his seat remained vacant until the election.

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Independent gain

One Republican won re-election as an Independent.

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Post-election changes

Change in composition

Before the elections

After the April 1936 special election.

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28
D38 D37 D36 D35 D34 D33 D32 D31 D30 D29
D39 D40 D41 D42 D43 D44 D45 D46 D47 D48
Ala.
Ran
Majority → D49
Ark.
Ran
D58
Miss.
Ran
D57
Mass.
Retired
D56
La. (sp)
Elected[lower-alpha 1]
La. (reg)
Retired
D55
Ky.
Ran
D54
Ill.
Ran
D53
Ga.
Ran
D52
Fla. (sp3)
Retired
D51
Fla. (sp1)
Retired
D50
Colo.
Retired
D59
Mont.
Ran
D60
N.M. (reg)
Ran
D61
N.M. (sp)
Ran
D62
N.C.
Ran
D63
Okla.
Ran
D64
S.C.
Ran
D65
S.D.
Ran
D66
Tenn.
Ran
D67
Texas
Ran
D68
Va.
Ran
R19
N.H.
Retired
R20
N.J.
Ran
R21
Ore.
Ran
R22
R.I.
Ran
R23
Wyo.
Ran
FL1 FL2
Minn. (sp)
Minn. (reg)
Retired
P1 V1
Iowa (sp)
D69
W.Va.
Ran
R18
Neb.
Ran
R17
Mich.
Ran
R16
Maine
Ran
R15
Kan.
Ran
R14
Iowa
Ran
R13
Idaho
Ran
R12
Del.
Ran
R11 R10 R9
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8

Result of the elections

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28
D38 D37 D36 D35 D34 D33 D32 D31 D30 D29
D39 D40 D41 D42 D43 D44 D45 D46 D47 D48
Ala.
Re-elected
Majority → D49
Ark.
Re-elected
D58
Mont.
Re-elected
D57
Miss.
Re-elected
D56
La. (reg)
Hold
D55
Ky.
Re-elected
D54
Ill.
Re-elected
D53
Ga.
Re-elected
D52
Fla. (sp3)
Hold
D51
Fla. (sp1)
Hold
D50
Colo.
Hold
D59
N.M. (reg)
Re-elected
D60
N.M. (sp)
Elected[lower-alpha 1]
D61
N.C.
Re-elected
D62
Okla.
Hold
D63
S.C.
Re-elected
D64
S.D.
Re-elected
D65
Tenn.
Re-elected
D66
Texas
Re-elected
D67
Va.
Re-elected
D68
W.Va.
Re-elected
FL1 FL2
Minn. (sp)
Gain[lower-alpha 2]
Minn. (reg)
Hold[lower-alpha 2]
P1 D75
Wyo.
Gain
D74
R.I.
Gain
D73
N.J.
Gain
D72
Mich.
Gain
D71
Iowa (sp)
Hold
D70
Iowa (reg)
Gain
D69
Del.
Gain
I1
Neb.
Re-elected
new party
R17
Mass.
Gain
R16
Ore.
Re-elected
R15
N.H.
Hold
R14
Maine
Re-elected
R13
Kan.
Re-elected
R12
Idaho
Re-elected
R11 R10 R9
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8

Beginning of the next Congress

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28
D38 D37 D36 D35 D34 D33 D32 D31 D30 D29
D39 D40 D41 D42 D43 D44 D45 D46 D47 D48
Majority → D49
D58 D57 D56 D55 D54 D53 D52 D51 D50
D59 D60 D61 D62 D63 D64 D65 D66 D67 D68
FL2 P1 D76
S.D.
Appointed[lower-alpha 3]
D75 D74 D73 D72 D71 D70 D69
FL1 I1 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8
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Composition of the Senate after the Election

Race summaries

Elections during the 74th Congress

In these special elections the winners were seated once they qualified; ordered by election date.

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Elections leading to the 75th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning January 3, 1937; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

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Closest races

Eleven races had a margin of victory under 10%:

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There is no tipping point state.

Alabama

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Arkansas

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Colorado

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Delaware

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Florida (special)

There were two special elections in Florida, due to the May 8, 1936, death of four-term Democrat Park Trammell and the June 17, 1936, death of five-term Democrat Duncan U. Fletcher.

Florida (special, class 1)

Democrat Scott M. Loftin was appointed May 26, 1936, to continue the term, pending a special election. Primaries were held August 11, 1936.[5]

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Andrews would be re-elected once and serve until his death September 18, 1946.

Florida (special, class 3)

Democrat William Luther Hill was appointed July 1, 1936, to continue the term, pending a special election. Democrat Claude Pepper, who had lost to Trammell in 1934 won this election.

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Pepper would be re-elected twice and serve until he lost renomination in 1950. He would later be elected to the U.S. House of Representatives and serve there for 26 years.

Georgia

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Idaho

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Illinois

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Iowa

Iowa (regular)

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Iowa (special)

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Kansas

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Kentucky

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Louisiana

Louisiana (regular)

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Louisiana (special)

Democrat Rose McConnell Long was elected April 21, 1936, to finish the term to which she was appointed on January 31, 1936. She was not a candidate, however, to the next term on November 3, 1936, see above.

Maine

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Massachusetts

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Michigan

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Minnesota

There were 2 elections to the same seat on the same day due to the December 22, 1935, death of two-term Republican Thomas D. Schall.

Minnesota (special)

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The election was held to fill the vacancy in the seat formerly held by Thomas D. Schall for the final two months of Schall's unexpired term. Governor Floyd B. Olson had appointed Elmer Benson to fill the seat in 1935, but this appointment was temporary and subject to a special election held in the next general election year thereafter—1936. Benson opted to run for governor instead of running for election to continue for the remainder of the term. No special primaries were held for the special election, and, among Minnesota's three major parties, only the Republican Party of Minnesota officially fielded a candidate—Guy V. Howard. Regardless of the absence of Farmer-Labor and Democratic nominees, Howard nevertheless faced a great degree of competition from independent candidates Nathaniel J. Holmberg, Andrew Olaf Devold, and John G. Alexander.

The candidates were:

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Howard was not a candidate for the next term, and served only until January 1937.

Minnesota (regular)

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The election to the next term was won by Farmer–Labor congressman Ernest Lundeen.

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Mississippi

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Montana

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Nebraska

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New Hampshire

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New Jersey

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New Mexico

There were 2 elections, due to the May 6, 1935, death of two-term Republican Bronson M. Cutting.

New Mexico (special)

Democratic former-Congressman Dennis Chavez had been Cutting's opponent in 1934. On May 11, 1935, after Cutting's death, Chavez was then appointed to continue Cutting's term, pending a special election which he then won.

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Chavez would be re-elected four more times and serve until his death in 1962.

New Mexico (regular)

One-term Democrat Carl Hatch was easily re-elected.

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Hatch would be re-elected once and serve until his 1948 retirement.

North Carolina

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Oklahoma

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Oregon

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Rhode Island

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South Carolina

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South Dakota

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Tennessee

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Texas

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Virginia

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West Virginia

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Wyoming

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See also

Notes

  1. Appointee elected
  2. The Republican candidate was elected to finish the term, but the Farmer-Labor candidate was elected to the next term.
  3. A South Dakota Republican, who was not up for election, died December 20, 1936, and a Democrat was appointed December 29, 1936, to continue the term pending a 1938 special election.

References

  1. "Our Campaigns - Container Detail Page". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  2. "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1936" (PDF). Clerk.house.gov. Retrieved July 21, 2019.
  3. "Our Campaigns - FL US Senate - Special Race - Nov 03, 1936". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved August 22, 2020.
  4. Heard, Alexander; Strong, Donald (1950). Southern Primaries and Elections 1920-1949. University of Alabama Press. pp. 174–177. ISBN 9780836955248.

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